Test: Evolution - 1 - NEET MCQ

Evolution is the gradual change of race due to variation is course of time. It is the history and development of race along with variations. Evolution is a continuous process and takes millions of years to evolve a new species.

Origin of universe is explained by big bang theory. According to this theory, whole universe was concentrated into single sphere. Due to same unknown region, there was explosion in it that forms different galaxies still moving away from each other.

According to abiogenesis theory of origin of life, life originated from non-living matter like gases, inorganic substance and water at particular temperature and pressure.

Fossils are dead remains of plants and animals buried inside the earth crust millions of year ago. Fossils are commonly preserved in sedimentary rock as this kinds of rocks are formed layer by layer in course of time.

• Chimpanzee is closely related to man. DNA content and DNA matching are the same in both.
• This similarity is more than 99% with chimpanzee whereas 94% with a gibbon.

Fossils are generally found in sedimentary rocks.

Darwin judged the fitness of an individual by number of offspring the individual produce in particular niche. More the viable offspring formed the more fit the organism in that surrounding.

Lamarck theory of organic evolution is also known as inheritance of acquired traits. He believed that the character an individual gain in his life time is also passed to next generation.

Process of evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and radiating to another area of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation.  Example : Darwinian finches and Australian marsupials.

Adaptive radiation is the process of evolution in which different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and radiating to other geographical area.

 Correct answer is A. A smaller head and less cranial capacity is not a similarity between humans and apes. In fact, apes have larger heads and more cranial capacity.

• Apes have a less cranial capacity of only 650 c.c. whereas humans have a more cranial capacity of about 1300- 1600 c.c.
• Humans developed higher cranial capacity and had advanced brain than apes.

• Human evolution or anthropogenesis is part of biological evolution which studies the emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens.
• They were the distinct species from other hominids, great apes and placental mammals.

• Australopithecus was known as the connecting link between apes and man.
• They had complete erect posture and showed bipedal locomotion.
• It was the first man to stand erect.

Tendrils in plants are an example of divergent evolution .

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium cannot be disturbed by vegetative propagation as the all new offspring are clone of each other having same gene. Migration, genetic drift, mutation and natural selection affect the equilibrium of alleles in a population.

Phylogenetic trees shows links between organisms that show branching pattern of evolutionary relationship. In this pattern, the organism that evolves earlier is shown below and further sub branching represent newly evolved organisms.

Human belongs to a species of Homo sapiens, where Homo represents genus and sapiens represent specific epithet under the class Mammalia.

• Mortality in babies is an example of stabilizing selection.
• It is all depended on the baby’s birth weight.
• The optimum birth weight is 7.3 pounds which favor this selection.
• Newborn infants with less than 5.5 pounds and more than 10 pounds have the highest mortality rate.

• This graph indicates stabilizing selection. As we can see, the peak gets higher and narrower.
• In this selection, most of the individuals acquire mean character value.

The short statured, heavy eye brows, retreating foreheads, large jaws with heavy teeth and stocky bodies humans are called Neanderthal human.

Natural selection can lead to stabilisation (in which more individuals acquire mean character value), directional change (more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value) or disruption (more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve)

Home sapiens and Homo erectus in differ in their size of brain capacity. The size of brain of Homo erectus was smaller than Homo sapiens.

• All the varieties, he conjectured, evolved on the island itself.
• From the original seed eating features, many other forms with altered beaks arose, enabling them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches

This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation.