The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as Harappan culture, was first discovered in ___ in ___ in the year ___?

Harappa, West Punjab, 1921

The area of the Indus Valley Civilization extended from ___ in the north to the ___ estuary in the south.

Jammu, Narmada

The Harappan Civilization emerged in which part of the Indian subcontinent?

The Harappan Civilization emerged in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Fill in the blanks: The geographical area of the Harappan Civilization is approximately ___ square kilometers and includes regions like Punjab, Sindh, and ___.

1,299,600; Balochistan

The architecture of the Indus Valley Civilization is characterized by a system of town planning that included a grid system. Describe how the grid system influenced the layout of cities like Mohenjo-daro.

The grid system in Mohenjo-daro featured roads that intersected at right angles, dividing the city into numerous blocks. This systematic approach allowed for organized urban planning, facilitating movement and accessibility within the city.

The Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro served a specific cultural purpose. What was this purpose and what architectural features supported this function?

The Indus Valley Civilization is known for being the earliest people to produce ___.

Cotton

In the Indus Valley, food grains were stored in huge granaries for purposes such as ___ and ___.

Payment of wages and use during emergencies

What types of animals were commonly domesticated by the Harappans?

The Harappans commonly domesticated oxen, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, asses, and camels.

The Harappan culture was not centered around ___, as evidenced by the lack of horse bones and representations.

Horses

The Harappans used bronze tools primarily made from a mixture of ___ and ___.

Tin and copper

What were the primary materials traded by the Harappans in the Indus Valley Civilization?

The Harappans primarily traded stone, metal, and shells.

What evidence suggests that the Harappan civilization had a central authority?

The cultural homogeneity of the Indus civilization indicates that a central authority was likely necessary to achieve such uniformity across the Harappan cultural zone.

What does the worship of the pipal tree signify in the context of the Indus region's religious practices?

The worship of the pipal tree signifies a deep reverence for nature and a connection to spirituality, where the tree is considered sacred and associated with various deities, as evidenced by depictions on seals.

Harappan script is primarily characterized as ___ rather than alphabetical.

Pictographic

The Harappans used a weight system primarily based on multiples of ___, as evidenced by various articles used for weighing.

16

Terracotta figurines from the Harappan culture were primarily made for ___ and ___.

Toys and objects of worship

What were the main factors suggested for the decline of the Harappan culture around 1900 B.C.?

The ancient name given to the Indus region was ___ and it was known for its trade relations with Mesopotamia.

Meluha

The Harappan civilization is named after the site of ___, which was the first to be excavated.

Harappa