What are the political dimensions associated with environmental challenges?

Environmental challenges involve questions of responsibility, power, and require global political involvement.

Natural forests being destroyed leads to ___ and ___ for people.

Climate instability and displacement

The Earth Summit 1992 resulted in conventions focused on climate change, biodiversity, and forestry, highlighting differences between the ___ and ___ regarding environmental priorities.

Global North and global South

True or False: The ozone hole does not pose any threats to human health.

False. The ozone hole poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health.

Riddle: I am a framework for sustainable development established in 1992, yet criticized for prioritizing economic growth. What am I?

Agenda 21

What are the critical political questions raised by environmental degradation?

Who causes damage? Who bears the costs? Who controls resources?

Fill in the blank: Coastal pollution is increasing due to ___ activities affecting marine environments.

Land-based

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a significant publication regarding environmental awareness in the 1960s? A) Limits to Growth B) Silent Spring C) Our Plundered Planet D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Global commons are regions outside any single state's sovereignty, including ___, ___, and ___.

Earth's atmosphere, Antarctica, ocean floor, and outer space

True or False: The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1959.

False: The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987.

What are the main challenges in achieving cooperation over global commons?

Difficulties in achieving consensus on environmental agendas and vague scientific evidence and time frames.

Riddle: I am a region that requires international governance and is not owned by any single country. What am I?

Global commons

Fill in the blank: The discovery of the ozone hole in the mid-1980s highlighted both opportunities and ___ in addressing global environmental issues.

Challenges

What significant agreement focuses on the environmental protection of Antarctica?

The Antarctic Environmental Protocol

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a global common? A) National parks B) Private beaches C) Outer space D) City streets

C) Outer space

True or False: The benefits of exploitative activities in global commons are equally distributed among all nations.

False: The benefits are uneven, impacting present and future generations differently.

What does the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities emphasize regarding developed and developing countries?

It emphasizes that developed countries should bear greater responsibility for ecological conservation due to their historical contributions to environmental degradation, while developing countries should have more flexibility during their industrialization.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognizes that developed countries are historically responsible for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions. True or False?

True

Fill in the blank: The Kyoto Protocol, established in 1997, sets targets for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while exempting ___ and ___ from these requirements.

China and India

What major gases are focused on in the Kyoto Protocol due to their contribution to global warming?

Carbon Dioxide, Methane, and Hydrofluorocarbons

Riddle: I am a document created in 1992 that acknowledges different contributions to environmental damage and calls for sustainable development. What am I?

The Rio Declaration

What was the primary goal of the Kyoto Protocol in relation to industrialized countries?

To set legally binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Fill in the blank: The Rio Declaration was established during the ___ Summit.

Earth

Common property resources require members to have both ___ and ___ regarding their use.

Rights and duties

What impact does privatization have on common property resources?

Privatization reduces the availability of shared resources.