What are some important parameters of human development?

Life expectancy, adult literacy rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, access to improved water sources, and percentage of undernourished population.

Fill in the blanks: Economic reforms were implemented in China in ___, in Pakistan in ___, and in India in ___.

1978, 1988, 1991.

True or False: India, Pakistan, and China adopted similar economic models for their growth strategy after independence.

False. India and Pakistan adopted a mixed economy model, while China adopted a command economy model.

What common successes have India and Pakistan achieved in their economic development?

A substantial rise in GDP per capita, self-sufficiency in food production, a decline in the dualistic nature of the economy, and a considerable reduction in the incidence of poverty.

Riddle: I am a measure of health, the more I am, the better you live; I track how long people stay alive. What am I?

Life expectancy.

What are the common failures of India and Pakistan in their economic development?

Relatively slow pace of GDP growth compared to China, poor performance in HDI ranking, dismal fiscal management, and prioritizing political survival over good governance.

Fill in the blank: The percentage of the population having access to improved water sources should be ___ the better.

Higher.

Which regional economic groups are mentioned as examples of countries forming alliances for growth?

SAARC, EU, ASEAN, G-8, G-20.

Short answer: What year did India announce its First Five Year Plan?

1951.

Riddle: I was established in 1949, my strategies for growth were planned in advance; I’m known for my command, not a mixed stance. What country am I?

China.

What was the primary aim of India's new trade reform policy?

To support the development of a new trade system that accelerates economic growth.

Fill in the blank: The Great Leap Forward campaign initiated in China aimed at ___ the country on a massive scale.

Industrializing

True or False: The commune system in China allowed individuals to privately own and cultivate land.

False. The commune system involved collective cultivation of lands.

What are Special Economic Zones (SEZ) designed to do?

Increase foreign investment by establishing regions with different economic laws.

Riddle: I am a program that sought to transform agriculture and industry simultaneously in China after 1958. What am I?

The Great Leap Forward (GLF) campaign.

Fill in the blank: Several poverty alleviation programs in India aim to improve ___ and reduce poverty.

Per capita income

What role did the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution play in China?

It aimed to send students and professionals to rural areas to work and learn.

What is one of the main objectives of rural development programs in India?

To develop lagging areas of the village economy.

Fill in the blank: The dual pricing system in China's reforms required farmers to buy and sell fixed quantities at government-fixed prices and the rest at ___ prices.

Market

What were the major areas of focus in Pakistan's economic reforms during the 1980s?

Denationalisation and encouragement of the private sector.

Fill in the blank: Pakistan introduced tariff protection for the manufacturing of consumer goods, together with direct import controls on ___ imports.

Competing

True or False: The per capita gain output in China in 1978 was higher than it was in the mid-1950s.

False. The per capita gain output in 1978 was the same as it was in the mid-1950s.

Riddle: I am a period where rural poverty declined by 85% and significant reforms began in China, yet I coincide with India's slow growth. What am I?

The 1980s.

What was one common success of structural reforms in both India and Pakistan?

Both countries have succeeded in more than doubling their per capita incomes despite high population growth.