The Nebular Hypothesis suggests that planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a ___ sun.

Youthful

True or False: The Nebular Hypothesis was first proposed by mathematician Laplace.

True

Fill in the blank: In the revised version of the Nebular Hypothesis, scientists suggested that the sun was surrounded by a solar ___ containing mainly hydrogen and helium.

Nebula

What process did Otto Schmidt and Carl Weizascar propose for the formation of planets in their revision of the Nebular Hypothesis?

The process of accretion through the friction and collision of particles in a disk-shaped cloud.

Fill in the blank: The original Nebular Hypothesis was revised in ___ and ___ by Otto Schmidt and Carl Weizascar.

1950, Germany

True or False: Later scientific inquiries shifted focus from the origin of the universe to the origin of just the earth and planets.

False - Later scientific inquiries focused on the origin of the universe rather than just the earth or the planets.

The Big Bang Theory posits that the universe is in a constant state of ___ since the explosion occurred approximately 13.7 billion years ago.

Expansion

True or False: The first atoms in the universe formed within three minutes after the Big Bang explosion.

True

Fill in the blank: The initial density differences in the early universe caused matter to be drawn together, eventually leading to the formation of ___ and stars.

Galaxies

What occurred about 300,000 years after the Big Bang, allowing the universe to become transparent?

The temperature dropped to 4,500K, leading to atomic matter formation.

True or False: Stars formed before the Big Bang explosion.

False. Stars formed after the Big Bang explosion, approximately 5-6 billion years ago.

The formation of planets is linked to the accumulation of ___ in the form of a large cloud called a nebula.

Hydrogen gas

What is the significance of the singularity in the context of the Big Bang Theory?

The singularity represents a state where all matter and energy existed in an infinitely dense and hot point before the Big Bang explosion.

Fill in the blank: The Big Bang Theory was introduced by ___ in 1920.

Edwin Hubble

Stars form from localized lumps of gas within a ___, where gravitational forces create a core.

Nebula

True or False: The gas cloud condenses into larger objects called planetesimals through gravitational attraction and sticking together.

True

The process through which numerous small planetesimals accrete to form larger bodies is known as ___.

Accretion

Initially, Earth's atmosphere was primarily composed of which two gases?

Hydrogen and helium

Fill in the blank: The separation of materials inside the Earth based on density during its evolution led to layers such as the crust, mantle, outer core, and ___ core.

Inner

True or False: The cooling process of Earth resulted in an increase in size and the formation of a solid outer crust.

False; the cooling process led to the development of the outer crust and a decrease in size.

What significant event further heated the Earth during its formation?

The giant impact that formed the moon

Fill in the blank: The density of materials in Earth increases from the ___ to the core.

Crust

The early atmosphere of Earth was primarily composed of ___ and ___.

Hydrogen and helium

True or False: Solar winds stripped away the early atmosphere of Earth and other terrestrial planets.

True

What gases were predominantly present in the early atmosphere of Earth?

Water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia