Cirques are primarily formed through the erosion caused by ___ as they move down the mountain tops.

Glaciers

Fill in the blank: The steep concave to vertically dropping high walls of cirques are formed due to ___ erosion.

Glacial

What are the characteristics of a cirque in terms of its shape and structure?

Cirques are deep, long, and wide troughs or basins with very steep concave to vertically dropping high walls at their head and sides.

True or False: Cirques are typically found at the base of mountain ranges.

False. Cirques are found at the heads of glacial valleys.

What happens to the landscape when multiple cirques develop in a stepped sequence?

They create a series of valleys and peaks, contributing to the formation of complex mountain terrain.

Fill in the blank: The high, sharp pointed peaks formed by headward erosion of cirque walls are called ___.

Horns

The highest peaks in the Alps and Himalayas, such as Matterhorn and Everest, are formed through ___ erosion of radiating cirques.

Headward

Glacial troughs that are filled with seawater and create shorelines are referred to as ___ or ___.

Fjords or fiords

The unassorted coarse and fine debris dropped by melting glaciers is called ___ .

Glacial till

True or False: Outwash deposits are characterized by being unstratified and assorted.

False. Outwash deposits are roughly stratified and assorted.

What is the primary difference between glacial till and outwash deposits?

Glacial till is unassorted and unstratified, whereas outwash deposits are roughly stratified and consist of more rounded fragments, carried by melt-water streams.

Fill in the blank: The rock fragments in outwash deposits are somewhat ___ at their edges.

Rounded

True or False: The rock fragments in glacial till are typically rounded at their edges.

False. Most rock fragments in till are angular to sub-angular in form.

What are glacio-fluvial deposits and how do they differ from glacial till?

Glacio-fluvial deposits, or outwash deposits, are formed from debris carried by melt-water streams and are stratified and assorted, in contrast to glacial till which is unassorted and unstratified.

Moraines are primarily composed of ___ deposited by glaciers.

Glacial till

True or False: Terminal moraines are formed at the sides of glacial valleys.

False. Terminal moraines are formed at the end (toe) of glaciers.

The ridge formed by the joining of lateral moraines that creates a horse-shoe shape is known as a ___ moraine.

Terminal

Fill in the blank: Ground moraines are deposits that vary greatly in ___ and ___ topography.

Thickness and surface

What is a medial moraine?

A medial moraine is the moraine located in the center of a glacial valley, flanked by lateral moraines.

True or False: Eskers are formed by streams of water flowing on the surface of glaciers.

False. Eskers are formed by streams of water flowing beneath the glacier.