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Flashcards: Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems- 1 50 Flashcards 
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What is atmospheric pressure and how is it measured? |
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Atmospheric pressure is the weight of a column of air contained in a unit area from mean sea level to the top of the atmosphere, expressed in units of millibar. It is measured using a mercury barometer or an aneroid barometer.  |
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Fill in the blank: The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is ___ milibar. |
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1,013.2 milibar.  |
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True or False: The pressure in the atmosphere increases with height. |
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False. The pressure decreases with height in the atmosphere.  |
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What is the primary cause of air motion, or wind, in the atmosphere? |
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The primary cause of air motion is the variation in atmospheric pressure, where air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas.  |
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The vertical pressure gradient force is generally balanced by which other force? |
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The vertical pressure gradient force is generally balanced by a nearly equal but opposite gravitational force.  |
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Fill in the blanks: In the lower atmosphere, the pressure decreases rapidly with height, approximately ___ mb for each ___ m increase in elevation. |
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1 mb; 10 m.  |
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What are isobars and what do they represent in the study of atmospheric pressure? |
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Isobars are lines connecting places having equal atmospheric pressure, and they are used to study the horizontal distribution of pressure in the atmosphere.  |
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True or False: A low-pressure system is always enclosed by one or more isobars with the highest pressure in the center. |
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False. A low-pressure system is enclosed by one or more isobars with the lowest pressure in the center.  |
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The area known as equatorial low is characterized by ___ sea level pressure. |
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Low  |
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True or False: The Coriolis force affects wind direction by deflecting it to the left in the northern hemisphere. |
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False: The Coriolis force deflects wind to the right in the northern hemisphere.  |
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What is the primary force that causes wind to move from high pressure to low pressure? |
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Pressure gradient force  |
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The pressure gradient is strongest when ___ are close together. |
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Isobars  |
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Fill in the blank: Winds at the surface diverge from high pressure areas and converge at ___ pressure areas. |
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Low  |
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True or False: The Coriolis force is absent at the equator. |
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True  |
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What happens to the wind at the equator in relation to isobars? |
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The wind blows perpendicular to the isobars, and the low pressure gets filled instead of intensified.  |
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Fill in the blank: The wind circulation around a low pressure area is called ___ circulation. |
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Cyclonic  |
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The pattern of planetary winds is primarily influenced by the ___ and ___ of atmospheric heating. |
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Latitudinal variation and emergence of pressure belts  |
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True or False: The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is characterized by descending air and high pressure. |
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False. The ITCZ is characterized by rising air and low pressure.  |
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What is the Hadley Cell and where does it occur? |
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The Hadley Cell is a tropical atmospheric circulation cell where warm air rises at the ITCZ and sinks at about 30° N and S latitudes.  |
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Fill in the blank: The phenomenon of warming of the Pacific Ocean that affects global weather patterns is known as ___. |
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El Niño  |
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What are the primary effects of the El Niño phenomenon on global weather? |
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El Niño can cause heavy rainfall on the west coast of South America, droughts in Australia and India, and floods in China.  |
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True or False: The Southern Oscillation is unrelated to the changes in atmospheric pressure associated with El Niño. |
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False. The Southern Oscillation is closely related to the pressure changes associated with El Niño.  |
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Explain the role of ocean currents in the general atmospheric circulation. |
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Ocean currents are initiated by atmospheric winds, and they provide energy and water vapor to the atmosphere, influencing climate patterns.  |
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Fill in the blank: The circulation cell in the middle latitudes is known as the ___ cell. |
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Ferrel  |
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The seasonal wind patterns that change during monsoons in Southeast Asia are primarily influenced by ___ and ___. |
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Temperature differences and air movement  |
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 Completed! Keep practicing to master all of them. |
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