The biosphere is defined as the zone of life on Earth, which includes all ___ and ___ components.

Living and non-living

True or False: The biosphere is exclusively found in the lithosphere and hydrosphere.

False: The biosphere includes components from the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

Fill in the blank: Organisms can exist in extreme environments, such as from the poles to the ___ and from deep sea to several km in the ___.

Equator; air

What are the primary realms in which life can be found according to the biosphere's definition?

Lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

Explain how living organisms can move between different realms of the biosphere.

Living organisms can migrate between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, adapting to different environments as needed.

Ecology is primarily the study of ___ as a ‘household’ for various organisms.

The earth

True or False: Aquatic ecosystems are classified into biomes based on their terrestrial conditions.

False; Aquatic ecosystems are classified as marine and freshwater ecosystems.

What are the two main categories of aquatic ecosystems?

Marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems.

True or False: A biome can be defined as the total assemblage of organisms interacting within specific abiotic conditions.

True

Fill in the blank: Freshwater ecosystems include lakes, ponds, streams, marshes, and ___.

Bogs

True or False: Decomposers only include large scavengers like vultures and crows.

False. Decomposers also include microorganisms like bacteria.

Describe the role of producers in an ecosystem.

Producers, primarily green plants, manufacture their own food through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

Fill in the blank: The primary consumers in an ecosystem include ___ and ___ animals.

Herbivorous and plant-eating

What distinguishes a grazing food chain from a detritus food chain?

A grazing food chain starts with plants as producers and ends with carnivores, while a detritus food chain begins with decomposed organic matter and involves the breakdown of dead material.

True or False: Energy is gained at each trophic level in a food chain.

False. Energy is lost at each level due to processes like respiration, excretion, and decomposition.

What type of consumers are known as top carnivores?

Top carnivores are those that feed on other carnivores, such as hawks and mongooses.

Fill in the blank: An ecosystem's abiotic factors include ___, temperature, and atmospheric humidity.

Rainfall

List the three types of consumers found in an ecosystem.

Primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.

The five major biomes include forest, desert, grassland, aquatic, and ___ biome.

Altitudinal

True or False: The main source of food and energy for green plants is photosynthesis.

True