Minerals are composed solely of single elements like sulfur and copper. True or False?

False. Minerals are typically composed of two or more elements, although single element minerals do exist.

About ___ percent of the Earth's crust is composed of eight elements including oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.

98

What is the primary source of all minerals found on Earth?

The primary source of all minerals is the hot magma in the interior of the Earth.

Fill in the blank: When magma cools, ___ of minerals appear and a systematic series of minerals are formed.

Crystals

Explain the significance of cooling magma in the formation of rocks.

Cooling magma allows for the crystallization of minerals, which solidify in a systematic sequence to form rocks.

True or False: Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are inorganic substances.

False. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are organic substances found in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms respectively.

Which eight elements predominantly constitute the Earth's crust?

Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Fill in the blank: The orderly atomic structure of minerals contributes to their ___ properties.

Definite chemical and physical

The external crystal form of a mineral is determined by its ___ arrangement of molecules.

Internal

True or False: Cleavage in minerals refers to the irregular manner of breaking without any plane.

False. Cleavage refers to the tendency to break along defined planes due to the internal arrangement of molecules.

Fracture in minerals occurs when the internal arrangement of molecules is too complex to produce ___.

Planes of cleavage

Minerals can be classified based on their lustre; for example, a mineral with a shiny appearance is described as having a ___ lustre.

Metallic

The streak of a mineral is defined as the ___ of the ground powder of that mineral.

Colour

True or False: A mineral that is transparent allows light rays to pass through without any diffusion.

True

Fill in the blank: The Mohs scale of hardness ranks minerals from ___ to ___, with talc being the softest and diamond being the hardest.

1 to 10

What is the significance of a mineral's hardness in geological studies?

Hardness indicates the relative resistance of a mineral to being scratched, helping to identify and classify minerals.

Fill in the blank: Minerals may have distinct colours due to their molecular structure or due to ___ contaminants.

Impurity

True or False: Opaque minerals allow light to pass through so that objects can be seen clearly.

False. Opaque minerals do not allow light to pass at all.

Feldspar is primarily composed of which elements?

Silicon, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, and aluminium.

True or False: Feldspar is a major component of sand and granite.

True.

Silica is a significant component of which two minerals mentioned?

Quartz and Pyroxene.

Amphibole minerals are primarily composed of ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Aluminium, calcium, silica, iron, and magnesium.

Which mineral is known for its use in electrical instruments and constitutes about 4% of the earth's crust?

Mica.

Fill in the blank: Olivine is commonly found in ___ rocks and is often a ___ crystal.

Basaltic; greenish.

True or False: Pyroxene makes up 10 percent of the earth's crust and is typically found in a brown or red color.

False. Pyroxene is commonly found in green or black color.