The Earth is approximately ___ billion years old.

4.6

True or False: The Indian plate is currently moving southward.

False. The Indian plate is moving northward.

Fill in the blank: The three main geological divisions of India are the Peninsular Block, the Himalayas, and the ___ Plain.

Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra

What are the characteristics of the Peninsular Block?

The Peninsular Block consists mainly of very old gneisses and granites, has remained mostly unchanged since the Cambrian period, and includes features like rift valleys.

True or False: The Himalayas are classified as old, stable mountains.

False. The Himalayas are young, weak, and flexible in their geological structure.

Fill in the blank: The average depth of alluvial deposits in the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra plains ranges from ___ to ___ meters.

1,000 to 2,000

What geological features result from the interaction of endogenic and exogenic forces in the Himalayas?

Faults, folds, and thrust plains.

Fill in the blank: The northern boundary of the Peninsular Block is an uneven line starting from Kachchh, going along the ___ Range near Delhi.

Aravali

The Northern Plains of India are primarily formed by ___ deposits from the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra rivers.

Alluvial

True or False: The Great Himalayan Range is approximately 4,000 km long.

False; the Great Himalayan Range is approximately 2,500 km long.

What are the two types of alluvial deposits found in the Northern Plains?

Bhangar (older alluvial deposits) and Khadar (newer alluvial deposits).

The physiographic divisions of India include all of the following except ___: (i) Northern and North-eastern Mountains, (ii) Indian Desert, (iii) Great Plains of India.

Great Plains of India; it is not listed as a physiographic division.

Fill in the blank: The Brahmaputra river flows from the northeast to the southwest and turns sharply southward at ___ before entering Bangladesh.

Dhubri

True or False: The Himalayas serve only as a physical barrier and do not influence climate.

False; the Himalayas also serve as a climatic, drainage, and cultural divide.

What is the average elevation of the Northern Plains above sea level?

50-150 meters

The Deccan Plateau is characterized by significant erosion and discontinuous formations, making it a classic example of ___ mountains.

Relict

Fill in the blank: The elevation of the Central Highlands ranges between ___ and ___ meters above sea level.

700 and 1000

True or False: The Great Indian Desert experiences heavy annual rainfall, exceeding 150 mm.

False. The Great Indian Desert receives low annual rainfall, below 150 mm.

What geological evidence supports the claim that the Great Indian Desert was once underwater?

Findings at the Aakal Fossil Park and marine deposits near Brahmsar, including wood fossils approximately 180 million years old.

The Meghalaya Plateau is rich in minerals such as coal, iron ore, and ___ .

Uranium

Fill in the blank: The Rajmahal Hills form an eastern extension of the Central Highlands and are known for their significant reserve of ___ located in the Chotanagpur Plateau.

Minerals

True or False: The Meghalaya Plateau is subdivided into four regions: Garo Hills, Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills, and Karbi Hills.

False. The Meghalaya Plateau is subdivided into three regions: Garo Hills, Khasi Hills, and Jaintia Hills.

The desert regions of India are characterized by features such as ___ rocks, shifting dunes, and oases.

Mushroom

True or False: The western coastal plains of India are known for their wide geography and abundant deltas formed by rivers.

False. The western coastal plains are narrow and do not create deltas.

Fill in the blank: The Luni River is significant in the ___ desert region of India.

Southern