Climate refers to the average of weather conditions over a period of time of ___ or more.

50 years

True or False: Weather changes slowly, whereas climate can change rapidly.

False. Weather changes quickly, while climate changes imperceptibly.

Fill in the blank: The monsoonal climate is associated with seasonal reversal in the direction of ___ in India.

Winds

What are the main elements that contribute to variations in weather conditions?

Temperature, pressure, wind direction and velocity, humidity, and precipitation.

What is the primary distinction between weather and climate?

Weather is the short-term state of the atmosphere, while climate is the long-term average of weather conditions.

The monsoon climate of India exhibits both unity and diversity. True or False?

True. The monsoon climate shows broad unity across the Southeast Asian region but also significant regional variations.

The temperature in summer can reach up to ___ in western Rajasthan.

55°C. In contrast, temperatures can drop to as low as -45°C in winter around Leh.

In terms of precipitation, Cherrapunji receives over ___ cm of rainfall annually, while Jaisalmer receives less than ___ cm.

1,080 cm; 10 cm. This highlights the regional variation in rainfall across India.

Fill in the blank: The climate of Kerala and Tamil Nadu is vastly different from that of ___ and ___ despite all having a monsoon type of climate.

Uttar Pradesh; Bihar. This demonstrates the regional diversity within the monsoon framework.

What is the primary seasonal pattern for rainfall in most parts of India?

Most areas receive rainfall during the months of June to September, with some regions like Tamil Nadu experiencing rain in the winter months.

The climate of India is influenced by factors related to ___ and ___.

Location and relief, air pressure and winds

True or False: The Himalayan Mountains contribute to the extreme climate experienced in northern India.

False. The Himalayan Mountains act as a climatic divide and protect the subcontinent from cold northern winds.

Fill in the blank: Areas in the interior of India experience extremes of climate due to their distance from the ___ influence of the sea.

Moderating

What role does latitude play in determining the climate of India?

Latitude affects temperature ranges, with northern parts in the temperate zone experiencing greater extremes compared to the southern tropical zone, which has higher and more consistent temperatures.

True or False: The distribution of land and water around India does not significantly impact its climate.

False. The differential heating of land and sea creates varying air pressure zones that affect India's climate.

Temperature decreases with height; therefore, places in the mountains are generally ___ than those on the plains.

Cooler

The physiography or relief of India influences temperature, air pressure, wind direction, and ___ distribution.

Rainfall

Fill in the blank: The inflow of western cyclones in India is generally known as ___ during the winter season.

Disturbances

What effect does the leeward situation of the southern plateau have on its climate compared to the windward sides of the Western Ghats?

The leeward situation of the southern plateau results in it remaining dry during the monsoon season, while the windward sides receive abundant rainfall.

True or False: Tropical depressions occur in India only during the winter season.

False. Tropical depressions occur during the southwest monsoon period.

The southwest monsoon typically sets in over the Kerala coast by ___ of June.

1st June