Economic activities can be categorized into four main groups: primary, secondary, tertiary, and ___ activities.

Quaternary

True or False: Primary activities involve the utilization of manufactured goods.

False. Primary activities directly depend on the environment and utilize natural resources.

Hunting and gathering are examples of ___ activities.

Primary

Fill in the blank: Subsistence gathering can be practiced in various high and low latitude zones such as the Amazon Basin and ___ Africa.

Tropical

What is a significant challenge faced by modern gatherers in tropical forests?

Synthetic products have replaced many traditional items, offering better quality at lower prices.

True or False: Primary activities include tertiary activities such as services and retail.

False. Primary activities are directly related to natural resource extraction, while tertiary activities involve services.

Fill in the blank: The oldest economic activity known to humanity is ___ and gathering.

Hunting

Pastoral nomadism is primarily characterized by reliance on what for essential needs?

Animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and camels.

The core region of pastoral nomadism extends from North Africa across the Arabian Peninsula to ___ and ___ China.

Mongolia and Central

True or False: Transhumance refers to the permanent settlement of herders in one location.

False. Transhumance refers to the seasonal migration of herders and their livestock between lowland plains in winter and highland pastures in summer.

In which regions are reindeer herding commonly practiced?

Arctic and Sub-Arctic Regions.

Fill in the blank: The number of pastoral nomads is ___ due to various socio-economic factors.

Declining

What are the primary challenges faced by pastoral nomads today?

Decreasing numbers of pastoral nomads and shrinking areas available for pastoral nomadism due to political boundaries and new settlement plans.

True or False: Herders in the Himalayan regions, such as Gujjars and Bakarwals, migrate from mountains to plains in summer.

False. They migrate from plains to mountains in summer and return to plains in winter.

Identify the primary livestock herded in the Sahara and Asiatic Deserts.

Sheep, goats, and camels.

Fill in the blank: The practice of moving from south to north during summer and from north to south in winter is characteristic of herding in the ___ regions.

Tundra

Commercial livestock production is primarily conducted in ___ and ___ countries.

New Zealand and Australia

True or False: Commercial livestock rearing involves moving animals to different parcels of land to manage grazing effectively.

True

What are the main products obtained from livestock rearing on ranches?

Meat, wool, hides, and skins

Fill in the blank: The rearing of livestock on commercial ranches is done on a ___ basis.

Scientific

True or False: Commercial livestock production is only practiced in the United States.

False. It is also practiced in countries like New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, and Uruguay.

What types of animals are commonly reared in commercial livestock production?

Sheep, cattle, goats, and horses

Fill in the blank: Commercial livestock ranches are subdivided into fenced parcels to regulate ___.

Grazing

Subsistence agriculture primarily focuses on producing crops for ___ and ___ consumption.

Local community and family

True or False: Intensive subsistence agriculture typically features large land holdings and high mechanization.

False: Intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by small land holdings and minimal machinery usage.