What does the ability of the Jarawas, Great Andamanese, and Shompens to anticipate disasters illustrate about indigenous cultures?

It illustrates that indigenous cultures can effectively cope with natural challenges, demonstrating that modern science and technology do not necessarily make contemporary cultures superior.

The diverse environments inhabited by humans include mountains, plains, deserts, and ___?

Forests

True or False: Modern cultures are inherently superior to indigenous cultures due to their access to technology.

False. Modern cultures should not be ranked as superior; effectiveness in dealing with challenges is more important.

Cultures should be evaluated based on their ability to ___ with natural challenges.

Cope

Fill in the blanks: Humans inhabit various natural environments such as mountains, ___, forests, deserts, and river valleys.

Plains

How did Edward Tylor define culture in anthropology?

Edward Tylor defined culture as a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by individuals as members of society.

Culture was historically viewed as a means to separate those with refined tastes from the ___ masses.

Uncultured

True or False: Culture is solely associated with high art forms such as classical music and dance.

False. Culture encompasses a way of life that includes all members of society and is not limited to high art forms.

Fill in the blanks: Culture is not something that divides people based on their ___.

Taste

What is a key aspect of culture according to sociological perspectives?

Culture involves the way of life of all members of society.

What are the three main dimensions of culture?

Cognitive, normative, and material dimensions.

Fill in the blank: The cognitive dimension of culture deals with how we ___ and make sense of information.

Understand

True or False: In non-literate societies, knowledge is primarily transmitted through written texts.

False. Knowledge is passed down orally through legends and lore.

How does writing influence art in literate societies?

Writing allows for more elaborate expression and documentation of art, whereas oral traditions emphasize repetition for memorization.

Fill in the blank: The normative dimension of culture includes the ___ we follow in our behavior.

Rules

What is one impact of electronic media on cognitive culture?

It raises questions about how new forms of communication affect our attention span and cognitive processes.

Multiple Choice: Which dimension of culture involves the use of tools and materials? A) Cognitive B) Normative C) Material D) Social

C) Material

Explain the significance of societal literacy in cultural understanding.

Societal literacy determines access to written knowledge, which shapes cultural practices and can create disparities in how different communities understand and engage with their culture.

What distinguishes norms from laws in a society?

Norms are unwritten rules that guide behavior and can vary from one group to another, while laws are official rules established by the government that apply uniformly to everyone.

Laws are essential for maintaining ___ in society.

Order

True or False: Norms are universally applied and enforced by the government.

False. Norms vary between different cultures and social groups, while laws are enforced uniformly.

Fill in the blank: The material aspect of culture includes ___, ___, and modes of transportation.

Tools, technologies

What role does the material aspect of culture play in society?

It enhances production and improves the quality of life.

True or False: Laws can sometimes be discriminatory, favoring certain groups over others.

True. Laws are meant to be universal, but their enforcement can sometimes be biased.

Fill in the blank: Norms can be seen as ___ rules that dictate how we should act in specific contexts.

Unwritten