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Flashcards: Self and Personality- 2 50 Flashcards 
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Card: 1 / 50 
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Which theorist introduced the concept of the collective unconscious and emphasized the importance of archetypes in personality development? |
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Carl Jung  |
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Karen Horney believed that psychological disorders are significantly influenced by ___ experiences. |
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Childhood  |
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True or False: Alfred Adler's theory places a strong emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts as primary motivators of human behavior. |
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False, Adler emphasized lifestyle and social interest instead.  |
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Fill in the blank: Jung’s theory of personality is known as ___ psychology. |
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Analytical  |
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What did Karen Horney argue regarding gender equality in her psychological theories? |
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She argued that each gender possesses admirable qualities that are equal in value.  |
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What does Alfred Adler's theory suggest about the role of feelings of inferiority in human behavior? |
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Adler's theory suggests that feelings of inferiority are universal experiences that motivate individuals to strive for superiority and achieve their goals, essential for optimal personality development.  |
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Fill in the blanks: Erich Fromm believed that personal growth and realization of capabilities stem from a yearning for ___ and efforts towards ___ and truth. |
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Freedom; justice  |
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True or False: Erik Erikson emphasized that identity is less important during adolescence compared to childhood. |
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False; Erikson emphasized that identity is particularly important during adolescence.  |
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How does Fromm's perspective differ from Freud's in terms of human behavior? |
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Fromm's perspective differs from Freud's as he focuses on societal influences rather than biological instincts, viewing humans as social creatures shaped by their interactions.  |
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Fill in the blank: According to Erikson, individuals often experience an identity crisis during the ___ stage of development. |
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Adolescent  |
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Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes Fromm's view on character traits? A) They are solely biologically determined. B) They evolve from societal interactions. C) They are fixed from birth. D) They are unrelated to culture. |
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B) They evolve from societal interactions.  |
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What are the main criticisms of psychodynamic theories as mentioned in the content? |
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The content suggests that psychodynamic theories are often criticized for their heavy emphasis on unconscious processes and biological determinants, which may overlook social and cultural factors in personality development.  |
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What are the main criticisms of the theories discussed in the content? |
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The main criticisms include reliance on case studies without scientific support, small and atypical sample sizes leading to generalizations, poorly defined concepts hindering scientific testing, and Freud's focus on male experiences disregarding females' unique perspectives.  |
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The behavioral approach emphasizes the importance of ___ and ___ data in understanding personality. |
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Observable and measurable  |
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True or False: The cultural approach to personality suggests that individual characteristics are solely determined by genetic factors. |
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False. The cultural approach posits that personality is influenced by ecological and cultural factors.  |
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According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for achieving genuine happiness? |
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Aligning one's ideal self with their real self is necessary for achieving genuine happiness.  |
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Fill in the blank: Maslow believed that individuals could realize their potential through ___ or the process of becoming the best version of oneself. |
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Self-actualization  |
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What role do positive social conditions play in personality development according to humanistic theorists? |
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Positive social conditions contribute to high self-esteem and a positive self-concept.  |
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How does the cultural approach explain personality adaptation? |
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The cultural approach explains that personality is an adaptation of individuals and groups to the ecological and cultural demands, requiring modifications to fit in and thrive.  |
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According to behaviorists, personality development involves changes in an individual's response characteristics as they learn new behaviors in response to ___ and ___. |
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New stimuli and environments  |
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What are the key characteristics of the humanistic theory in relation to personality development? |
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The key characteristics of the humanistic theory include self-awareness, which involves recognizing and accepting one's emotions and limitations; living in the present moment and practicing mindfulness; and avoiding excessive focus on the past or future.  |
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Personality assessment aims to understand and predict behavior with ___ and ___. |
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Minimum error and maximum accuracy.  |
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True or False: Self-report measures require individuals to provide information about others. |
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False. Self-report measures require individuals to provide factual information about themselves.  |
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List the four main techniques used in personality assessment. |
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Psychometric Tests, Self-Report Measures, Projective Techniques, Behavioral Analysis.  |
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Fill in the blank: A formal effort aimed at understanding the personality of an individual is termed as ___ assessment. |
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Personality  |
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 Completed! Keep practicing to master all of them. |
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