What is social cognition?

Social cognition is the process of perceiving, interpreting, and understanding the social world around us, influencing our judgments, decisions, and interactions with others.

Schemas are important in social cognition because they ___ and ___ information.

Organize and interpret

True or False: Stereotypes are always negative and based on accurate information.

False. Stereotypes can be positive or negative and are often based on oversimplified or inaccurate information.

What impact can stereotypes have on society?

Stereotypes can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and unfair treatment of individuals or groups.

Fill in the blank: It is important to challenge negative ___ to reduce prejudice and discrimination.

Stereotypes

B) They help us organize and interpret social information.

Explain how social cognition influences behavior.

Social cognition influences behavior by shaping our attitudes and judgments about ourselves and others, which in turn affects how we interact and respond in social situations.

What is the process of forming an overall impression of someone based on available information called?

Impression formation

Impression formation can be influenced by ___ and pre-existing ___ and stereotypes.

Context, beliefs

What are the two types of attribution that people use to explain behavior?

Internal attribution and external attribution

True or False: The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to internal factors.

False. The fundamental attribution error refers to attributing others' behavior to internal traits rather than the situation.

Fill in the blank: The self-serving bias leads individuals to attribute their own behavior to ___ factors while attributing others' behavior to ___ factors.

External, internal

What is the primary difference between internal and external attribution?

Internal attribution attributes behavior to personal traits, while external attribution attributes behavior to situational factors.

Which bias describes the tendency to emphasize personal characteristics in explaining others' behavior?

Fundamental attribution error

Short Answer: How does context influence impression formation?

Context can alter the significance of certain cues, leading to different impressions based on the situation.

What is social facilitation?

Social facilitation is the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on simple or well-practiced tasks.

Fill in the blank: Social loafing occurs when individuals exert ___ effort in a group compared to working alone.

Less

True or False: Social inhibition occurs when the presence of others improves performance on complex tasks.

False. Social inhibition occurs when the presence of others negatively impacts performance on complex or novel tasks.

What does the diffusion of responsibility explain in the context of group performance?

Diffusion of responsibility explains why individuals may feel less accountable for the outcome of the group's performance, leading to social loafing.

Fill in the blank: Group polarization leads to more extreme opinions due to ___ with the views of group members.

Comparison

What is the primary effect of group discussions on individual opinions according to social comparison theory?

Group discussions can lead individuals to adopt more extreme opinions as they compare their views with those of others in the group.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the phenomenon where individuals perform worse in the presence of others on complex tasks? A) Social facilitation B) Social loafing C) Social inhibition D) Group polarization

C) Social inhibition

Pro-social behavior is defined as any behavior that ___ others or society as a whole.

Benefits

What are some examples of pro-social behavior?

Donating to charity, volunteering, helping a stranger, and cooperating to achieve a common goal.

True or False: Anti-social behavior includes actions like helping others and volunteering.

False. Anti-social behavior refers to actions that harm others or society.