Erosion is primarily caused by geomorphic agents such as running water, wind, glaciers, and waves. True or False?

True

The two components of running water include overland flow and ___ flow as streams and rivers.

Linear

What is a peneplain and how is it formed?

A peneplain is an almost flat landform created through the extensive erosion by running water, where irregularities such as hills and valleys are worn down over time, leaving low resistant remnants called monadnocks.

In the early stages of river development, what erosional features are commonly found?

Waterfalls and cascades are commonly found as down-cutting dominates in the early stages.

Fill in the blank: The final stage of landscape development associated with running water results in a lowland of faint relief known as a ___.

Peneplain

True or False: As a river matures, the velocity of its flow increases due to continued erosion.

False. As a river matures, the velocity decreases due to the gentler gradients and increased deposition.

The youth stage of stream development is characterized by ___ and ___ valleys.

Shallow V-shaped and narrow floodplains

True or False: In the mature stage of stream development, waterfalls and rapids are common features.

False. Waterfalls and rapids disappear in the mature stage.

What type of valley is characterized by very steep to straight sides?

A gorge.

Canyons typically form in ___ bedded sedimentary rocks.

Horizontal

During the old age of streams, the landscape is generally ___ or slightly above sea level.

At

Fill in the blank: In the youth stage, stream divides are ___ and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes.

Broad

True or False: The valleys in the old age of stream development are generally narrow and steep.

False. The valleys are wide and show natural levees, oxbow lakes, etc.

Potholes are formed due to ___ and the abrasion of rock fragments.

Stream erosion

True or False: Plunge pools are typically formed at the top of waterfalls.

False; plunge pools are formed at the base of waterfalls.

What are incised or entrenched meanders?

They are very deep and wide meanders cut into hard rocks.

River terraces are primarily products of ___ due to vertical erosion.

Erosion by the stream into its own depositional floodplain.

Alluvial fans typically form when streams break into ___ plains of low gradient.

Foot slope

True or False: Deltas develop only at the mouth of rivers where they flow into lakes.

False; deltas develop at the mouth of rivers where they flow into seas or oceans.

Floodplains are a major landform of river deposition and are referred to as ___ in deltas.

Delta plains

Natural levees are formed primarily during ___ events when rivers overflow their banks.

Flood

True or False: Point bars are found on the concave side of meanders in large rivers.

False. Point bars are found on the convex side of meanders.

The term 'ox-bow lakes' refers to ___ that are formed when meanders are cut off.

Isolated water bodies

Fill in the blanks: Braided channels typically form in rivers that carry ___ materials and experience ___ deposition.

Coarse; selective

What geological features are created by the lateral erosion of banks in braided river systems?

Islands and lateral bars