What is the definition of an assumption in logical reasoning?

An assumption is an unstated premise that must be true for the argument to hold. It serves as the foundation of the argument, and if the assumption is false, the argument may not be valid.

How can you effectively identify assumptions in an argument?

To identify an assumption, look for gaps in the reasoning. Ask yourself what must be true for the conclusion to follow from the premises. A statement that, if false, would weaken the argument is likely an assumption.

Distinguish between an assumption and a conclusion.

An assumption is a premise taken for granted without proof, whereas a conclusion is a statement derived logically from the premises. Assumptions support the argument; conclusions are the outcomes of the reasoning.

Evaluate this argument: 'Implementing a new recycling program will reduce waste levels. Therefore, the city should implement the program.' What is a potential assumption?

A potential assumption is that the new recycling program will effectively lead to a reduction in waste levels. If this assumption is false, the conclusion may not be valid.

Which statement illustrates an assumption? 'If the city builds more bus routes, more people will use public transport.'

The assumption is that building more bus routes will indeed lead to increased public transport usage. If this assumption is false, the conclusion may be flawed.

In the argument 'If it rains, the ground will be wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.' What assumption underlies this argument?

The assumption is that rain is sufficient to make the ground wet. If this assumption is not true (for example, if the ground is covered), the conclusion may not hold.

Identify the assumption in this statement: 'If a product is advertised on television, it must be of high quality.'

The assumption here is that television advertising is indicative of product quality. If this assumption is false, the conclusion may not follow.

Choose the statement that best describes an assumption: 'Eating fruits and vegetables leads to better health.'

The assumption is that a diet including fruits and vegetables is the cause of improved health outcomes, implying no other factors influence health. If false, the conclusion may not be valid.

What is a key strategy for identifying assumptions in GMAT questions?

A key strategy is to look for the 'if-then' relationship in arguments. This can help you pinpoint what must be true for the conclusion to follow.

Fill in the blank: An argument's conclusion relies on its _________ to be valid.

An argument's conclusion relies on its assumptions to be valid.

Which of the following is NOT an assumption? 'If we invest in renewable energy, we will reduce carbon emissions.'

The statement is an assumption, as it presumes a direct cause-effect relationship between investment and emission reduction.