What are the three orders of society in medieval Europe?

The three orders were the clergy, the nobility, and the peasantry.

Fill in the blank: The term 'feudalism' is derived from a German word meaning ___ which refers to a piece of land.

Feud

True or False: The Catholic Church in medieval Europe was solely a religious institution with no political power.

False. The Catholic Church was both a religious and a political power.

What was the role of Marc Bloch in the study of European feudalism?

Marc Bloch emphasized the importance of social, economic, and geographical factors in understanding feudalism, arguing that history includes collective human activities, not just political events.

Fill in the blank: The clergy collected a tenth of the peasants' produce, known as the ___.

Tithe

What distinguished knights from other social classes in feudal society?

Knights were mounted warriors who pledged to fight for their lords in exchange for land (fief) and protection.

True or False: Serfs had the freedom to leave the land they worked on without permission from their lords.

False. Serfs could not leave the estate without prior permission from their lords.

What changes in agricultural technology occurred in the 11th century that improved productivity?

The introduction of heavy iron-tipped ploughs, the use of mould-boards, and the three-field system significantly improved agricultural productivity.

Fill in the blank: A lord's house in feudal society was known as a ___-house.

Manor

What was the significance of the phrase 'Town air makes free' in medieval Europe?

It indicated that serfs could gain freedom by living in a town for one year and a day without being caught by their lords.

Short Answer: What was the impact of the bubonic plague on medieval Europe?

The bubonic plague caused massive population decline, leading to social upheaval and economic disruption.

Fill in the blank: The emergence of new monarchs in the 15th and 16th centuries marked the decline of ___ power.

Feudal

What role did monasteries play in medieval society?

Monasteries were centers of religious life, education, and agricultural production, where monks lived apart from society.

True or False: The manorial estate was a self-sufficient economic center in feudal society.

True.

Fill in the blank: The peasants who worked the land of the lord without wages were known as ___.

Serfs

What were the main privileges of the nobility in medieval Europe?

The nobility had judicial powers, the right to issue coins, and control over military forces.

What factors led to social unrest in the 14th century?

Economic decline, rising wages, and falling prices for agricultural products contributed to social unrest among peasants.

True or False: The economic crisis of the 14th century led to the revival of feudal privileges.

False. The crisis led to social unrest and the weakening of the feudal system.

What was the role of guilds in medieval towns?

Guilds organized crafts and trades, controlling quality, prices, and sales of goods.

What impact did climatic changes have on agriculture between the 5th and 10th centuries?

Extreme cold shortened the growing season, leading to reduced agricultural production and frequent famines.

Fill in the blank: The head of the Western Church, who lived in Rome, was known as the ___.

Pope

Short Answer: How did the relationship between lords and peasants define feudal society?

Lords provided protection and land to peasants in exchange for labor and a share of agricultural produce.