What is the primary goal of the Basel Convention?

To safeguard human health and the environment from the harmful effects of hazardous wastes.

Fill in the blank: The Basel Convention entered into force in ___ and was negotiated in response to the rising concerns about ___ waste disposal.

1992; hazardous

True or False: The Basel Convention allows the export of hazardous waste to any country without restrictions.

False; the Convention restricts trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes, ensuring they align with environmentally sound management principles.

What are the two main aims of the Basel Convention?

To reduce hazardous waste generation and promote environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes, and to restrict trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes.

Fill in the blank: The regulatory system of the Basel Convention is based on ___ consent, requiring notification and consent from importing states before hazardous waste export.

Prior informed

Name two types of wastes that the Basel Convention applies to besides hazardous wastes.

Household waste and incinerator ash.

True or False: The Basel Convention promotes the export of hazardous waste to non-party states without any conditions.

False; the Convention prohibits hazardous waste exports to non-party states.

What role does the Secretariat play under the Basel Convention?

The Secretariat facilitates cooperation among parties, addresses illegal transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, and ensures safe disposal.

Fill in the blank: Parties to the Basel Convention can enter into bilateral or multilateral hazardous waste management agreements, provided they are ___ environmentally sound than the Basel Convention.

No less

How does the Basel Convention encourage cooperation among its parties?

By promoting information exchange and providing technical assistance, particularly to developing countries.

The Convention allows for the establishment of regional centers for training and technology transfers related to hazardous waste management as outlined in Article ___.

14

True or False: Tort law directly addresses pollution control in India.

False. Tort law does not directly address pollution control; it provides a framework from which rules for pollution control can be derived.

Nuisance can be categorized into two main types: ___ and ___.

Public nuisance and private nuisance

What is the primary characteristic that defines a public nuisance?

An unreasonable interference with a right common to the general public, affecting the reasonable comfort, convenience, health, safety, and quality of life of a group of people.

Fill in the blank: Private nuisance involves unreasonable and unnecessary inconvenience caused by the defendant's use of their ___.

Land

True or False: A private right of action in public nuisance can be claimed if an individual suffers an injury that is the same as what the general public experiences.

False. A private right of action in public nuisance requires the individual to suffer particular injury beyond what the rest of the public experiences.

In tort law, which category refers to unlawful interference with a person's rights over their land?

Nuisance

Fill in the blank: Nuisance encompasses acts that interfere with comfort, health, or safety, including smells, noise, fumes, gas, heat, smoke, germs, and ___.

Vibrations

True or False: Damage caused by fumes from a manufacturing process can lead to a cause of action for injury to property.

True.

The case of Ram Baj Singh v Babu Lal established that a property owner can recover damages for ___ caused by a tree on public land.

Reasonable remedial expenditure.

What constitutes private nuisance according to the Allahabad High Court?

Significant dust and noise pollution generated from a machine that causes injury, discomfort, or annoyance to others.

Fill in the blank: Noise pollution is considered a form of ___ that can cause material injury to individuals' rights.

Wrongful environmental contamination.

True or False: The Delhi High Court has extensively addressed the health impacts of noise pollution.

False. The court noted that the impact of noise on health had not received adequate judicial attention.

In cases of property damage, the Court held that ___ injury is sufficient to support an action.

Any sensible.

Fill in the blank: Citizens cannot exercise their constitutional freedoms in a way that creates a ___ and poses health risks to others.

Nuisance.