Treaties are primarily used by states to ___ and ___ between countries.

End wars and resolve disputes

True or False: The principle of pacta sunt servanda means that treaties are not binding on the parties involved.

False. Pacta sunt servanda means that treaties are binding on the parties involved and must be carried out in good faith.

What are some alternative terms that can refer to agreements similar to treaties?

Protocol, act, charter, and covenant

Fill in the blank: The core principle of treaty law is that treaties must be carried out in ___ and are binding on the parties.

Good faith

True or False: There are strict formal requirements for the existence of a treaty in international law.

False. There are no strict formal requirements, but the parties must intend to create legal obligations.

What is the central concept that underlies the development of international law?

The concept of a treaty

Fill in the blanks: Treaties serve as the primary means of formalizing agreements between countries, whether in simple ___ arrangements or complex ___ discussions.

Bilateral; multilateral

The power to make treaties in the UK is held by ___, while in the US it involves the ___ and the ___.

The Crown, President, Senate

True or False: All representatives making treaties must always present 'full powers' documents.

False. Certain officials, such as heads of state and foreign ministers, do not need to present these documents.

Explain the process of ratification in treaty-making.

Ratification is the approval by a state's competent authorities to ensure that the representative did not exceed their powers in making the agreement. It is now subject to constitutional control.

Fill in the blank: States can express their consent to be bound by a treaty through the exchange of ___ when specified.

Instruments

True or False: A treaty becomes legally binding immediately after it is drafted.

False. A treaty must go through several steps, including adoption of the text and expression of consent, before it becomes legally binding.

What is the role of a two-thirds vote in the context of treaty adoption?

It is typically required for the adoption of the text of the agreement at an international conference.

Fill in the blank: Consent by ___ is a common method for states to agree to treaties.

Ratification

Accession allows a state to become a party to a treaty it did not sign. True or False?

True

What is the purpose of ratification in the context of treaties?

Ratification serves to confirm a treaty entered into by representatives of states, making it legally binding upon the parties.

A treaty comes into force immediately upon signature by the representatives of the contracting states unless otherwise specified. True or False?

True

Accession is the process by which a non-party state joins a treaty that has already been concluded. Fill in the blank: Accession is different from ___, which is when a non-party state accepts the terms of an existing treaty.

Adhesion

What must happen before a treaty can be invoked before any organ of the United Nations?

The treaty must be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations.

Fill in the blank: The final stage of treaty formation involves the incorporation of the treaty into the ___ law of the contracting state.

Domestic

True or False: A treaty is binding on states that have not ratified it.

False. A treaty is only binding on states that have given their consent through ratification or other means.

What are the consequences if a representative exceeds their powers during treaty negotiations?

If a representative exceeds their powers, the treaty may be withheld from ratification on that ground.

Fill in the blank: Registration and publication of treaties are required to ensure that they are ___ on all parties involved.

Binding