What is the order of insertion of the rectus muscles from closest to the limbus?

Medial rectus, Inferior rectus, Lateral rectus, Superior rectus.

The refractive power of the cornea is approximately ______.

45D

True or False: The indirect ophthalmoscope is suitable for examining the fovea.

False. The fovea is better visualized with a direct ophthalmoscope or slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

Which formula is used in biometry to calculate the required IOL power?

SRK I or SRK II formula.

Riddle: I am a muscle that originates from the sphenoid bone and helps to rotate the eye inward. What am I?

Superior Oblique muscle.

Fill in the blank: In cases of myopia, light rays focus ______ the retina.

In front of

What type of astigmatism occurs when one axis is emmetropic and the other is myopic?

Simple myopic astigmatism.

True or False: Aniseikonia occurs when the difference in refractive power between the two eyes exceeds +2.5D.

True.

The primary purpose of retinoscopy is to identify ______ errors in the eye.

Refraction

What is the power of the Goldmann's Three-Mirror Contact Lens for examining the anterior chamber angle?

73° mirror.

Riddle: I am a lens that can cause images to shift towards my apex when light passes through me. What am I?

Prism.

Fill in the blank: Pinhole vision improves clarity in cases of ______ errors.

Refractive

What is the refractive index of the lens?

1.39.

True or False: Hypermetropia occurs when light rays focus in front of the retina.

False. Hypermetropia occurs when light rays focus behind the retina.

In which type of amblyopia does suppression occur in the eye with the greater refractive error?

Anisometropic amblyopia.

What is the main treatment for presbyopia?

Convex lenses.

Riddle: I am a condition characterized by the inability to see clearly up close, often treated with different lenses as one ages. What am I?

Presbyopia.

Fill in the blank: The visual angle formed between the optic axis and the fixation axis is called ______.

Angle gamma (g)

What is the primary function of the inferior oblique muscle?

Extorsion and elevation of the eye.

True or False: The power of standard lenses decreases with their position in the eye.

False. The power of standard lenses increases with their position in the eye.

What is a common complication associated with contact lens use?

Infective keratitis.

What is the primary function of the lateral rectus muscle?

Abduction of the eye.

Fill in the blank: The principle of Hering’s Law states that during conjugate eye movements, there is equal and simultaneous ______ to the yoke muscles.

Innervation

Which type of refractive surgery involves the removal of the corneal epithelium?

Photo-Refractive Keratectomy (PRK).

Riddle: I’m a surgical procedure that reshapes the cornea to correct vision, but I require careful preoperative assessment. What am I?

LASIK.

True or False: Total ophthalmoplegia involves paralysis of all muscles supplied by the third cranial nerve.

True.

What is the main advantage of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs)?

Enhanced vision at various distances.

Fill in the blank: The angle kappa is formed between the ______ line and the visual axis at the cornea.

Pupillary

What type of contact lens is most suitable for individuals with unilateral aphakia?

Contact lenses.

Which test assesses the ability of the eyes to work together by evaluating motor fusion?

Base-Out Prism Test.