What is the leading cause of iatrogenic prematurity in pregnancy?

Pre-eclampsia

Which type of hypertension in pregnancy is characterized by the presence of proteinuria?

Pre-eclampsia

What is the estimated annual global mortality rate due to pre-eclampsia according to the WHO?

Around 60,000 women

What is the primary organization that provides guidelines for assessing the risk of pre-eclampsia during antenatal visits?

National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE)

Which biophysical test is most promising for predicting pre-eclampsia?

Uterine artery Doppler

How does low-dose aspirin help in the context of pre-eclampsia?

It restores the balance between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin.

What percentage of premature births is attributed to pre-eclampsia?

15%

What maternal condition is associated with a higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia?

Obesity (BMI of 35 or above)

Which of the following factors is NOT a recognized risk factor for pre-eclampsia? A) Nulliparity B) Being aged 40 or older C) Family history D) Previous preterm labor

D) Previous preterm labor

What is the significance of monitoring blood pressure in pregnancy regarding pre-eclampsia?

It helps in early diagnosis and management to prevent complications.

Which of the following markers is associated with endothelial activation in pre-eclampsia? A) Uric acid B) Human chorionic gonadotropin C) Hemoglobin D) Platelet count

A) Uric acid

What is a common symptom of severe pre-eclampsia that can indicate multisystem involvement?

Headaches or visual disturbances

What does the presence of proteinuria indicate in pregnant women?

It is a key indicator of pre-eclampsia.

What is the normal range for platelet counts to ensure hemostasis in pre-eclampsia?

Above 50 × 10⁹ /L

Which treatment is preferred for managing eclamptic fits?

Magnesium sulphate

What is the typical loading dose of magnesium sulphate for treating eclamptic fits?

2 g intravenous loading dose

What is the risk of developing ischemic heart disease later in life for women who experienced pre-eclampsia?

Doubled risk

What significant change occurs in lipid profiles during pre-eclampsia?

Nearly doubling of triglycerides and free fatty acids

Which biochemical markers are often investigated for their potential to predict pre-eclampsia?

Uric acid and platelet levels

What is the maternal mortality rate associated with eclampsia?

Approximately 2%

Which of the following is a characteristic of early onset pre-eclampsia? A) Increased fetal growth B) Placental insufficiency C) Lower maternal mortality D) Decreased blood pressure

B) Placental insufficiency

What is the main goal in managing pre-eclampsia?

Careful monitoring and timely delivery

Which type of hypertension during pregnancy is believed to affect at least three times as many women as pre-eclampsia?

Non-proteinuric hypertension

What is the recommended management approach for moderate hypertension in pregnant women?

It should not be treated aggressively to avoid affecting fetal growth.

What intervention is suggested for women with oliguria and severe pre-eclampsia?

Careful monitoring of fluid intake and output

What are the implications for future pregnancies for women who have experienced pre-eclampsia?

Increased need for blood pressure monitoring and assessment of risks.

What is the key risk factor for recurrence of pre-eclampsia in subsequent pregnancies?

Previous pre-eclampsia requiring early delivery

How does poor trophoblast invasion contribute to the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia?

It leads to inadequate remodeling of maternal spiral arteries.

What is the role of antioxidants in the prevention of pre-eclampsia?

They may help reduce oxidative stress associated with the condition.

What is the leading cause of iatrogenic prematurity in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia?

Pre-eclampsia itself, as it can be cured by delivery.