What is the age range during which menstruation typically begins, leading to the definition of primary amenorrhoea?

10–18 years

Which hormone is primarily responsible for breast development during puberty?

Oestradiol

Which condition is characterized by the absence of menstruation despite the presence of normal secondary sexual characteristics?

Imperforate Hymen

What is the peak height velocity age for girls during the growth spurt in puberty?

12.1 years

What classification is used to differentiate causes of primary amenorrhoea based on secondary sexual characteristics?

Presence or absence of secondary sexual characteristics

In the case of a transverse vaginal septum, what type of examination would reveal a blind-ending, pink vagina?

Pelvic examination

Which syndrome is associated with the absence of a uterus and normal secondary sexual characteristics due to intact ovarian function?

Meyer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome

What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea classified under absent secondary sexual characteristics?

Gonadal agenesis

What hormonal condition is suggested by elevated gonadotrophins despite the presence of normal ovarian tissue?

Resistant Ovary Syndrome

Which genetic condition is characterized by a 45X karyotype resulting in ovarian failure?

Turner Syndrome

What is the recommended investigation if secondary sexual characteristics do not develop by age 14?

Hormonal evaluation and imaging as necessary

Which syndrome involves a failure of testicular development leading to a female phenotype with absent uterus?

XY Female

What is the main cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Enzyme deficiency in adrenal steroid synthesis

Which condition may cause amenorrhoea due to excessive exercise, particularly in athletes?

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

What is the primary treatment for patients with constitutional delay but normal secondary sexual characteristics?

Annual review and reassurance

Which imaging technique is preferred for assessing pelvic anatomy in adolescents suspected of outflow tract obstruction?

Pelvic ultrasound

What is the role of GnRH in the onset of puberty?

GnRH stimulates the release of gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland.

What condition is indicated by low gonadotrophin levels and short stature in a patient with absent secondary sexual characteristics?

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

Which hormonal change typically initiates breast development in girls during puberty?

Increased levels of oestradiol

What is the significance of the Tanner classification in assessing pubertal development?

It stages secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.

What is a common psychological concern for individuals with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome?

Fertility and sexual function

In the case of absent uterus, which karyotype indicates Meyer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome?

46XX

What is the typical management approach for patients diagnosed with resistant ovary syndrome?

Ovarian biopsy to confirm absent oocytes

What is the underlying cause of primary amenorrhoea in patients with Anorexia Nervosa?

Persistent hypogonadotrophic state due to weight loss.

How does excessive exercise impact the onset of menstruation in young athletes?

It can disrupt normal hormone levels, delaying menstruation.

What is the significance of confirming normality through investigation in cases of primary amenorrhoea?

It helps to exclude serious underlying conditions.

What anatomical feature is typically assessed in patients suspected of having an imperforate hymen?

A tense, bluish hymen at the introitus

Which genetic mutation is associated with Kallman syndrome, resulting in isolated GnRH deficiency?

Mutations in KAL1 or FGFR1 genes

What is the recommended intervention for patients with elevated prolactin levels suggesting prolactinoma?

Pituitary imaging (CT/MRI) and treatment with bromocriptine.

What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhoea in individuals with normal secondary sexual characteristics?

Constitutional delay