What is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?

High blood pressure (hypertension).

Which imaging technique is preferred for diagnosing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)?

Non-contrast CT scan.

What medication is used for blood pressure management in stroke patients?

Nicardipine.

In patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, what is the primary drug used to prevent vasospasm?

Nimodipine.

Which cranial nerve is most frequently affected by unruptured berry aneurysms?

The third cranial nerve.

What is the characteristic finding in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in patients with Mollaret meningitis?

Presence of large endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN).

What is the typical age group affected by Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE)?

Individuals under 18 or over 50 years of age.

Which type of demyelinating disorder is characterized by severe optic neuritis and extensive transverse myelitis?

Devic Disease/Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO).

What is the diagnostic criteria for brain death?

Absence of all brain stem reflexes and no motor response to cranial nerve distribution.

Which brain imaging technique can show demyelinating plaques in multiple sclerosis (MS)?

MRI scans, particularly T2-weighted images.

What classification includes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) as a demyelinating condition?

It is considered part of the spectrum of diseases related to multiple sclerosis.

What is the first-line treatment for ADEM?

High doses of intravenous corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone.

Which type of brain tumor is most commonly observed in children?

Medulloblastoma.

What is the primary cause of death in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Vasospasm.

Which symptom is most frequently associated with neurocysticercosis?

Seizures.

What is the common MRI finding in patients with neurocysticercosis?

Starry sky appearance due to calcifications.

In which condition is the Argyll Robertson pupil typically observed?

Diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis.

What is the main symptom of central pontine myelinosis?

Acute para- or quadriparesis.

What is the role of corticosteroids in treating neurocysticercosis?

They are used during the acute stage of cysticercotic encephalitis if there is intracranial hypertension.

Which medication is contraindicated in treating neurocysticercosis?

Niclosamide.

What finding is seen in CSF in cases of multiple sclerosis?

Oligoclonal bands.

What is the hallmark of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)?

Steady progression of neurological decline without identifiable relapses.

What is the effect of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis treatment?

It significantly lowers attack rates and improves disease severity.

Which type of leukodystrophy is caused by a deficiency of arylsulfatase B?

Metachromatic leukodystrophy.

What is a common imaging finding in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)?

Single or multiple large lesions primarily in the parietooccipital white matter.

What is the significance of the HLA-DR2 gene in multiple sclerosis?

It is associated with genetic susceptibility to the disease.

What is the expected outcome for patients with untreated Herpes Simplex Encephalitis?

Rapid mortality in approximately 70% of cases.

What are the typical symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy?

Emotional lability, spastic dysarthria, and brisk gag reflex.

What is the most common type of secondary brain tumor?

Tumors arising from lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma.

What type of reflex is affected in lower motor neuron lesions?

Superficial reflexes and deep tendon reflexes are absent.