What is the primary reason viruses cannot be grown on artificial media?

Viruses require living host cells for replication.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of viruses? A) They can grow on artificial media B) They contain either DNA or RNA C) They are smaller than bacteria D) They multiply within host cells

A) They can grow on artificial media

What type of nucleic acid is found in Parvoviruses?

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)

Which method is commonly used to visualize viruses?

Electron microscopy

What is the size range of the largest virus, Pox virus?

Approximately 300 nm

In viral classification, which type of virus has a segmented RNA genome? A) Retroviruses B) Reoviruses C) Parvoviruses D) Adenoviruses

B) Reoviruses

What type of viral symmetry is exhibited by most DNA viruses?

Icosahedral symmetry

What is the function of peplomeres in enveloped viruses?

They are protein subunits that form part of the viral envelope.

Which of the following viruses is known to replicate in the nucleus? A) Poxvirus B) Hepatitis B virus C) Influenza virus D) Bacteriophage

B) Hepatitis B virus

What is the primary site for the assembly of RNA viruses?

Cytoplasm

What is the duration of the eclipse phase for most animal viruses?

Approximately 15 to 30 hours

Which type of virus is known to utilize the chorioallantoic membrane for viral cultivation?

Certain poxviruses

Which of the following is an example of a continuous cell line used for viral culture? A) MRC-5 B) WI-38 C) HeLa D) Rhesus kidney

C) HeLa

What type of viral infection is characterized by the virus integrating with the host genome and remaining clinically latent?

Latency seen in HIV infection

Which interferon is primarily used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

IFN-β

Which of the following viruses is classified as a teratogenic virus? A) HIV B) Hepatitis C C) Cytomegalovirus D) Measles virus

C) Cytomegalovirus

What is the primary role of interferons in viral infections?

To enhance the host's antiviral defenses

What type of nucleic acid do viroids consist of?

Circular, single-stranded RNA

Which method is used to detect viral antigens in cell cultures?

Direct Immunofluorescence (IF) assay

Identify the type of virus that exhibits complex symmetry. A) Influenza virus B) Poxvirus C) Reovirus D) Picornavirus

B) Poxvirus

What type of virus is resistant to ether and heat? A) Enveloped viruses B) Nonenveloped viruses C) Retroviruses D) Bacteriophages

B) Nonenveloped viruses

What are inclusion bodies in virus-infected cells?

Aggregates of virions or viral proteins observable under a light microscope.

Which viruses are known to cause cell transformation leading to oncogenic effects?

Oncogenic viruses

What is the main characteristic of prions?

They are composed of abnormal infectious protein molecules without nucleic acid.

Which of the following viruses utilize the yolk sac for cultivation? A) HSV-1 B) Japanese Encephalitis Virus C) Influenza virus D) Rabies virus

B) Japanese Encephalitis Virus

What is the function of translation inhibition proteins (TIPs) induced by interferons?

To inhibit viral protein synthesis without affecting cellular mRNA.

What distinguishes the replication sites of poxviruses from other DNA viruses?

Poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm, while most DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus.

Which of the following methods is NOT used to determine the size of viruses?

Manual measurement with a ruler

What is the primary differentiating feature of viral replication compared to bacterial replication?

Viruses replicate through a complex process involving adsorption, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, assembly, and release.

Identify the type of RNA virus that possesses segmented RNA.

Influenza virus, which has 8 segments.