What is the formula for total energy head (E) in an open channel flow?

E = z + h + (v²/2g)

Fill in the blank: The depth corresponding to minimum specific energy is called ______.

Critical depth (hc)

True or False: Specific energy head increases as depth increases beyond the critical depth.

True.

What is the relationship between discharge per unit width (q) and depth (h) in an open channel?

Q = vh or q = Q/bh

Riddle: I represent the minimum specific energy in a flow, where velocity equals critical velocity. What am I?

Critical flow

According to Bernoulli's equation for an open channel flow, what does the height of the liquid surface represent?

Potential head + pressure head

Fill in the blank: A hydraulic jump occurs when the flow changes from rapid to ______.

Slow

True or False: For a hydraulic jump to occur, Fr₁ must be less than 1.

False. Fr₁ should be greater than 1.

What is the formula that relates Manning's formula to velocity (v) in open channel flow?

V = (1/N)m(1/6)

MCQ: What happens to kinetic energy during a hydraulic jump? A) It increases B) It decreases C) It remains constant D) It converts to thermal energy

B) It decreases