What was one major economic reason for deforestation during British rule in India?

The British encouraged the cultivation of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat, and cotton to meet European demand for food and raw materials.

Fill in the blank: The Forest Act of 1878 divided forests into three types: Reserved Forests, Protected Forests, and ___ Forests.

Village Forests

True or False: The British forest department aimed to preserve a diverse range of tree species in Indian forests.

False. The British preferred to plant only one type of tree for commercial purposes.

What impact did the British colonial forest policies have on traditional practices of local villagers?

Colonial policies harmed local practices.

• Restricted wood cutting activities.

• Illegalized grazing of cattle.

• Led to villagers stealing resources.

Riddle: I am often cut down for ships and railways, yet I once provided homes to many creatures. What am I?

Forests

Fill in the blank: The Kalangs were known for their skill in ___ and shifting cultivation in Java.

Forest cutting

What was the significance of the Imperial Forest Research Institute established in 1906?

It was established to advance forest management practices and train personnel in conservation methods.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a reason for deforestation during colonial rule in India? A) Commercial agriculture B) Urbanization C) Industrial demand D) Forest conservation

D) Forest conservation

How did the introduction of forest laws by the Dutch in Java affect local villagers?

The laws restricted villagers' access to forests, limiting their ability to cut wood and graze cattle, which disrupted their traditional livelihoods.

Fill in the blank: The practice of shifting cultivation involves cutting and burning forest land, followed by sowing seeds in the ___ after the first monsoon rains.

Ashes