What was the significance of the rise of Buddhism and Jainism in the Gangetic valley during the sixth century BCE?

Buddhism and Jainism rejected the varna and jati system of Hinduism, promoting alternative social and religious structures.

The Sarnath Lion Capital is a representation of which significant event in Buddhism?

It commemorates the first sermon of the Buddha, known as the Dhammachakrapravartana.

Fill in the blank: The construction of stupas and viharas was largely supported by ___, ___, and ___ groups.

Lay devotees, traders, and guilds

True or False: The Mauryan pillars were constructed in parts, similar to the Achaemenian pillars.

False. Mauryan pillars were monolithic, carved from a single block.

What architectural feature distinguishes the Great Stupa at Sanchi?

It features gateways and railings that were added later, enhancing its structural and decorative complexity.

Riddle: I stand tall, a symbol of a great sermon, with four lions who never turn their backs. What am I?

The Sarnath Lion Capital

Describe the evolution of stupa architecture during the Mauryan period.

Stupas evolved with intricate designs.

• Decorative railings added aesthetics.

• Sculptural features enhanced symbolism.

• Maintained cylindrical and dome structure.

Fill in the blank: The Didargunj Yakshini is notable for its ___ and ___ surface.

Polished, sophisticated

True or False: The Buddha was depicted in human form in early Buddhist art.

False. Early representations were symbolic, using items like the stupa and lotus instead.

What role did artisans play in the construction of stupas and viharas?

Artisans specialized in various crafts, collaborating on the monument's construction, often funded by specific donors.