What are the three main stages of memory?

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

True or False: Hermann Ebbinghaus found that forgetting happens slowly at first, then speeds up.

False. Forgetting happens quickly at first but becomes slower with time.

Which memory system holds information for less than a second?
A) Short-term memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Sensory memory
D) Working memory

C) Sensory memory

The initial stage where information is recorded for memory use is called _____.

Encoding

Who proposed the Stage Model of Memory in 1968?

Atkinson and Shiffrin

How long can short-term memory typically hold information?

About 30 seconds or less

True or False: Long-term memory has unlimited capacity and duration.

True. Long-term memory has very large capacity and can hold information indefinitely.

What is chunking in memory?

Grouping information into meaningful units to expand memory capacity

Which process helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory?
A) Maintenance rehearsal
B) Elaborative rehearsal
C) Selective attention
D) Chunking

B) Elaborative rehearsal

According to Baddeley, working memory has three main components. Name one.

Phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, or central executive (any one)

True or False: Deep processing involves analyzing the meaning of information.

True. Deep processing involves semantic analysis and understanding meaning.

Shallow processing focuses on _____ features of information.

Physical or structural

Which type of processing leads to better memory retention?
A) Shallow
B) Intermediate
C) Deep
D) All are equal

C) Deep

What does declarative memory relate to?

Information about facts, names, dates, and things that can be described

Personal life events and experiences are stored in _____ memory.

Episodic

True or False: Procedural memory involves memories for performing tasks and skills.

True. Procedural memory includes skills like riding a bicycle or playing sports.

Vivid memories of surprising or emotional events are called _____ memories.

Flashbulb

What is childhood amnesia?
A) Fear of children
B) No memories from first 4-5 years
C) Forgetting childhood friends
D) Loss of motor skills

B) No memories from first 4-5 years

Which memory exists outside conscious awareness but influences behavior?

Implicit memory

In the priming method, participants complete word _____ faster for familiar words.

Fragments

True or False: The forgetting curve shows memory loss is fastest in the first hour.

True. Ebbinghaus found forgetting is most rapid initially, especially within the first hour.

When earlier learning interferes with new learning, it's called _____ interference.

Proactive

According to Freud, painful memories are pushed into unconscious mind through _____.

Repression

What happens in a fugue state?
A) Enhanced memory
B) Temporary blindness
C) Forgotten identity
D) Improved focus

C) Forgotten identity

Retrieval failure theory suggests forgetting occurs due to absence of _____.

Appropriate retrieval cues

In the keyword method, you link a foreign word with _____.

An English word that sounds similar

True or False: The method of loci uses familiar locations to remember items in order.

True. You imagine placing items in different familiar spots to recall them later.

What does the 'P' in PQRST study method stand for?

Preview