What creates software-based versions of physical hardware allowing multiple operating systems to run simultaneously?

Virtualization

True or False: Type 1 hypervisors run as applications within a standard operating system.

False. Type 1 hypervisors install directly on physical hardware without an underlying OS.

A VM needs 6 GB RAM but startup fails with 'insufficient memory'. Host has 32 GB with 30 GB allocated to other VMs. What's wrong?

No memory reserved for hypervisor overhead (requires 2-4 GB)

Which cloud model provides virtualized servers where customers manage operating systems and applications?
A) SaaS
B) PaaS
C) IaaS
D) DaaS

C) IaaS

What is the safe CPU overcommitment ratio for typical virtualized workloads?

4:1 (4 vCPUs per physical core)

_____ provisioning allocates all disk space immediately, while _____ provisioning allocates space as needed.

Thick, thin

What indicates CPU contention when CPU ready time exceeds this percentage?

5%

Which hypervisor type would you choose for production servers running 24/7 business applications?
A) Type 1
B) Type 2
C) Desktop virtualization
D) Container-based

A) Type 1

True or False: RAM can be overcommitted like CPUs in virtual environments.

False. RAM cannot be overcommitted - total allocated RAM cannot exceed physical RAM minus hypervisor overhead.

What networking mode gives a VM its own IP address on the physical network?

Bridged mode

In VDI, what maximum network latency ensures acceptable user experience?

150 ms

A thin-provisioned 100 GB VM shows 45 GB used but pauses with 'insufficient disk space'. What's the likely cause?

Datastore (physical storage) is full preventing virtual disk expansion

Which cloud characteristic allows resources to scale automatically based on demand?
A) Resource pooling
B) Rapid elasticity
C) Measured service
D) Broad network access

B) Rapid elasticity

What file formats commonly represent virtual hard drives?

.vmdk, .vhd, .vhdx

True or False: NAT networking mode allows VMs to share the host's IP address.

True

What component authenticates users and directs them to virtual desktops in VDI?

Connection broker

Private cloud infrastructure is dedicated to _____ organization(s), while public cloud serves _____ customers.

One, multiple

Six VMs running on a host show slow performance during business hours. CPU utilization is 90% with 12% CPU ready time. What's wrong?

CPU overcommitment causing processor contention (CPU ready time above 5%)

Which cloud service model requires customers to only manage their data and user access?
A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) Community cloud

C) SaaS

What is the minimum RAM allocation typically recommended for Windows VMs?

2 GB

True or False: Host-only networking allows VMs to communicate with external networks.

False. Host-only isolates VMs to communicate only with host and other VMs.

What happens to VM changes when using snapshots?

All writes go to snapshot delta files instead of base disk

Which deployment combines public and private clouds allowing data movement between them?
A) Hybrid cloud
B) Community cloud
C) Multi-tenant cloud
D) Distributed cloud

A) Hybrid cloud

VMs with _____ desktops reset to clean state after logoff, while _____ desktops maintain user changes.

Non-persistent, persistent

What maximum packet loss percentage prevents visual artifacts in VDI sessions?

1%

True or False: Type 2 hypervisors provide better performance than Type 1 for production workloads.

False. Type 1 provides better performance with 2-10% overhead vs Type 2's 10-20% overhead.

A VM snapshot chain shows base disk 80 GB, total files 180 GB. What should be done first?

Delete oldest snapshots first to consolidate changes back to base disk

Which NIST cloud characteristic describes pay-per-use billing based on actual consumption?
A) On-demand self-service
B) Resource pooling
C) Measured service
D) Rapid elasticity

C) Measured service

What minimum bandwidth per user does VDI require for basic desktop work?

150 Kbps

_____ cloud is shared infrastructure for organizations with common compliance requirements like healthcare or government.

Community

True or False: Thick provisioning provides slightly better performance than thin provisioning.

True. Thick provisioning avoids dynamic block allocation during write operations.

A bridged VM cannot obtain DHCP address while others work fine. What should be checked first?

Virtual switch configuration and correct physical NIC bridging

What is the key difference between persistent and non-persistent virtual desktop pools in VDI environments?

Persistent assigns same VM each login; non-persistent provides random VM from pool