What type of structure can have all reactions determined using equilibrium equations alone?

Statically determinate structure

True or False: Zero-force members can be identified at joints with three collinear members.

False. Zero-force members occur at joints with two non-collinear members and no external load.

For plane structures, the external degree of indeterminacy formula is _____.

Dₑ = r - 3

Which method analyzes trusses by considering equilibrium at each joint?
A) Method of sections
B) Method of joints
C) Virtual work method
D) Moment distribution

B) Method of joints

What causes geometric instability in structures?

When reactions are concurrent or parallel

The differential relationship dV/dx = _____ relates shear to distributed load.

-w(x)

True or False: Maximum moment occurs where shear equals zero.

True

An influence line shows variation of response as _____ moves across structure.

Unit load

According to Müller-Breslau principle, what shape does an influence line follow?
A) Parabolic curve
B) Straight line
C) Deflected shape
D) Circular arc

C) Deflected shape

In virtual work method for trusses, deflection formula is Δ = _____.

Σ(uNL/AE)

What happens to beam ends in conjugate beam method transformation?

Fixed ends become free, free ends become fixed

True or False: First moment-area theorem gives vertical deviation between two points.

False. First theorem gives angle change; second theorem gives vertical deviation.

Which method treats redundant forces as unknowns using compatibility equations?
A) Slope-deflection
B) Moment distribution
C) Force method
D) Matrix method

C) Force method

In slope-deflection method, what does ψ represent?

Chord rotation (Δ/L)

For uniformly distributed load, fixed-end moment formula is _____.

±wL²/12

What is the carry-over factor for a member with far end pinned?

Zero

True or False: Interior columns carry twice the shear of exterior columns in portal method.

True

In matrix analysis, the fundamental relationship is [K]{D} = _____.

{F}

A three-hinged arch has hinges at supports and at the _____.

Crown

For cables under horizontal load, what shape does the cable form?
A) Circular
B) Parabolic
C) Catenary
D) Linear

B) Parabolic

What is the stiffness factor for a beam with far end fixed?

4EI/L

True or False: Method of sections can cut through unlimited number of members.

False. Method of sections cuts through no more than three members.

Distribution factor equals member stiffness divided by _____.

Sum of all stiffnesses at joint

Which sign convention applies to positive shear force?
A) Left side down
B) Right side up
C) Left side up
D) Both sides up

C) Left side up

For three-hinged arch with symmetric loading, horizontal thrust H = _____.

Mᶜ/h

What loading pattern maximizes positive response using influence lines?

Place loads where influence line ordinates are positive

True or False: Cables under uniform load along their length form parabolic shapes.

False. They form catenary shapes; parabolic is for horizontal loading.