What are the four sequential steps in the travel demand forecasting model?

Trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, trip assignment

True or False: Trip productions must equal trip attractions for internal trips in a study area.

True. This balance is required and adjustments are made if they don't naturally balance.

The gravity model assumes trip interchange is _____ proportional to productions and attractions.

Directly

Which classification includes trips from home to work and back?
A) Home-based other (HBO)
B) Home-based work (HBW)
C) Non-home-based (NHB)
D) External trips

B) Home-based work (HBW)

What does the friction factor represent in trip distribution models?

The impedance or resistance to travel between zones

In the multinomial logit model, what happens to choice probability as utility increases?

Choice probability increases exponentially with higher utility

True or False: All-or-nothing assignment considers congestion effects on travel times.

False. All-or-nothing assignment assigns all trips to shortest paths without considering congestion.

Wardrop's first principle states that at equilibrium, no traveler can reduce _____ by changing routes.

Travel time

Which method forecasts population by tracking age groups over time?
A) Linear extrapolation
B) Exponential growth
C) Cohort-survival method
D) Logistic growth

C) Cohort-survival method

What does LOS A represent in traffic flow conditions?

Free flow with high speeds and low volumes

The maximum sustainable hourly flow rate for a facility is called _____ .

Capacity

True or False: Heavy vehicle adjustment factors are used to convert trucks to passenger car equivalents.

True. These factors account for the greater impact of heavy vehicles on capacity.

Peak Hour Factor (PHF) compares hourly volume to _____ times the peak 15-minute volume.

Four

Which traffic volume represents the 30th highest hourly volume of the year?
A) AADT
B) DHV
C) PHF
D) ADT

B) DHV (Design Hour Volume)

What range does the directional distribution factor D typically fall within?

0.5 to 0.7

True or False: Time mean speed is always greater than or equal to space mean speed.

True. They are equal only when all vehicles travel at the same speed.

The basic flow equation relates flow rate to density and _____ .

Speed

In benefit-cost analysis, projects are economically justified when B/C ratio is _____ .

Greater than 1.0

Which friction factor function uses F = t^(-a) where t is travel time?
A) Exponential function
B) Power function
C) Gamma function
D) Linear function

B) Power function

What does VMT stand for in transportation performance measurement?

Vehicle-Miles Traveled

True or False: User equilibrium assignment is based on minimizing total system travel time.

False. User equilibrium minimizes individual travel time; system optimal minimizes total system travel time.

The BPR function relates congested travel time to _____ ratio.

Volume-to-capacity

Which data collection method involves recording license plates at multiple locations?
A) Home interview surveys
B) Roadside interviews
C) License plate matching
D) Manual counts

C) License plate matching

In logistic growth models, L represents the _____ population.

Carrying capacity or maximum

True or False: Trip rate method multiplies trip rates by the number of trip-generating units.

True. This is one of the three main trip generation methods.

What does Travel Time Index (TTI) compare peak travel time against?

Free-flow travel time

Cross-classification method estimates trips based on _____ characteristics like income and household size.

Household

Which assignment principle represents Wardrop's second principle?
A) User equilibrium
B) System optimal
C) All-or-nothing
D) Incremental assignment

B) System optimal

True or False: Space mean speed is calculated as the harmonic mean of individual speeds.

True. Space mean speed uses harmonic mean while time mean speed uses arithmetic mean.

The K factor represents the proportion of AADT occurring during the _____ hour.

Design

In NPV analysis, which discount rate consideration makes projects more economically attractive?

Lower discount rates increase present value of future benefits

Passenger car equivalents (PCE) are higher for heavy vehicles on _____ terrain.

Mountainous or rolling

True or False: LOS F represents the best operating conditions for traffic flow.

False. LOS F represents forced flow and breakdown conditions; LOS A is best.

What happens to headway as flow rate increases in traffic streams?

Headway decreases as vehicles follow more closely

The utility function in mode choice models is typically _____ in form.

Linear