What is the density of water at standard conditions in SI units?

1000 kg/m³

True or False: Kinematic viscosity equals dynamic viscosity divided by density.

True. ν = μ/ρ

The weight per unit volume of a fluid is called _____.

Specific weight

What type of flow occurs when Reynolds number is less than 2000?
A) Turbulent
B) Laminar
C) Transitional
D) Critical

B) Laminar

Calculate hydrostatic pressure at 10 ft depth below water surface (gage pressure).

624 lb/ft² (γh = 62.4 × 10)

What principle states that buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid?

Archimedes' principle

In the continuity equation Q = A₁V₁ = A₂V₂, what does Q represent?

Volumetric flow rate

True or False: Bernoulli's equation accounts for friction losses in real flow.

False. Bernoulli's equation is for ideal frictionless flow.

The sum of pressure head, velocity head, and elevation head represents _____.

Total head

Which equation relates forces to changes in momentum in fluid flow?
A) Bernoulli's
B) Continuity
C) Momentum
D) Manning's

C) Momentum

For turbulent flow in smooth pipes, what is the Darcy friction factor formula?

F = 64/Re (this is actually for laminar; turbulent uses Moody diagram)

What does the Hazen-Williams coefficient Cₕ typically range for water pipes?

100-140

Minor losses in pipes are calculated using hₘ = K × _____.

V²/(2g)

True or False: In series pipes, flow rate is the same through all sections.

True

In parallel pipe systems, what remains constant across all branches?

Head loss

Water power formula for pumps is Pw = γ × Q × _____.

Hp (pump head)

What does NPSH stand for in pump terminology?
A) Net Pressure Suction Head
B) Net Positive Suction Head
C) Normal Pump System Head
D) Net Power Supply Head

B) Net Positive Suction Head

Hydraulic radius R equals cross-sectional area divided by _____.

Wetted perimeter

What type of flow occurs when Froude number is greater than 1?

Supercritical flow

True or False: Subcritical flow is controlled by downstream conditions.

True

Manning's equation relates flow velocity to hydraulic radius, slope, and _____.

Roughness coefficient (n)

Critical depth in rectangular channels: yc = (Q²/gb²)^_____.

1/3

What phenomenon occurs when flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical?
A) Hydraulic jump
B) Critical flow
C) Uniform flow
D) Gradually varied flow

A) Hydraulic jump

In a hydraulic jump, energy is always _____.

Lost

Sharp-crested weir discharge formula: Q = Cw × (2/3) × √(2g) × L × _____.

H^(3/2)

True or False: Triangular weirs are more sensitive to small flows than rectangular weirs.

True

Orifice discharge coefficient Cd typically ranges from _____ to _____.

0.6 to 0.65

What controls culvert capacity when downstream conditions don't affect discharge?
A) Outlet control
B) Inlet control
C) Barrel friction
D) Tailwater

B) Inlet control

In the Rational Method Q = CiA, what does C represent?

Runoff coefficient