What is the accumulation term in steady-state systems?

Zero. All system properties remain constant with time.

For steady-state with no reaction: ∑ṁᵢₙ _____ ∑ṁₒᵤₜ

Equals (=)

True/False: In steady-state systems, temperatures and pressures vary with time.

False. All system properties remain constant with time.

What is conversion (X_A) for reactant A?
A) Moles fed/Moles reacted
B) Moles reacted/Moles fed
C) Moles out/Moles in
D) Moles in/Moles out

B) Moles reacted/Moles fed

When is kinetic energy negligible in energy balance?

In most chemical process equipment operations.

What does DOF = 0 indicate in system analysis?

System is exactly specified and solvable.

In component balance with reaction, what represents extent of reaction?

Ξ (xi), measured in mol/time units

True/False: Stoichiometric coefficients are positive for reactants in material balance.

False. They are negative for reactants, positive for products.

What happens to enthalpy during phase change at constant temperature?

Changes by latent heat amount (λ).

For heat exchanger, LMTD formula uses which temperature differences?
A) Inlet temperatures only
B) Outlet temperatures only
C) Both inlet-outlet differences
D) Average temperatures

C) Both inlet-outlet differences

What is the purpose of purge streams in recycle processes?

Prevent accumulation of inerts or unwanted components.

In combustion, theoretical air contains _____ mol% oxygen.

21

Higher Heating Value (HHV) assumes water in products is:

Condensed to liquid form.

A reactor has 3 unknowns and 2 equations. What is DOF?
A) 1 (underspecified)
B) 0 (solvable)
C) -1 (overspecified)
D) Cannot determine

A) 1 (underspecified)

Why use tear stream method for recycle calculations?

To break circular dependency and enable iterative solution.

True/False: Selectivity compares desired product formation to undesired product formation.

True. It's the ratio of desired to undesired products.

Flash separation uses which equilibrium relationship: yᵢ = _____ xᵢ

Kᵢ (vapor-liquid equilibrium constant)

In adiabatic reactor, what happens to temperature with exothermic reaction?

Temperature increases due to heat generation.

Reflux ratio R equals L divided by what parameter?

D (distillate flow rate)

What indicates complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuel CₓHᵧ?
A) CO formation
B) CO₂ and H₂O formation
C) Excess air presence
D) High temperature

B) CO₂ and H₂O formation

Humidity ratio ω represents mass of _____ per mass dry air.

Water vapor

True/False: Constant molar overflow assumption simplifies distillation column material balances.

True. It allows simpler calculation methods.

What correction factor F accounts for in heat exchanger design?

Deviation from pure counterflow LMTD configuration.