What does the Gibbs Phase Rule equation F = C - P + 2 determine?

The number of degrees of freedom (independent intensive variables) in a system at equilibrium.

True or False: At equilibrium, chemical potentials of each component are equal across all phases.

True. Chemical equilibrium requires μᵢᵅ = μᵢᵝ for each component i in all phases.

The fugacity coefficient φᵢ relates fugacity to _____ in vapor phases.

Pressure

Which equation describes ideal solution behavior for vapor-liquid equilibrium?
A) Henry's Law
B) Raoult's Law
C) Antoine Equation
D) Wilson Equation

B) Raoult's Law

What is the K-value (equilibrium ratio) for component i defined as?

Kᵢ = yᵢ/xᵢ, the ratio of vapor to liquid mole fractions.

True or False: Henry's Law is most appropriate for concentrated solutions of gases in liquids.

False. Henry's Law applies to dilute solutions, typically gases dissolved at low concentrations.

The relative volatility α₁₂ equals _____ when separation by distillation becomes impossible.

1

Which activity coefficient model uses binary interaction parameters Λᵢⱼ?
A) Margules
B) Van Laar
C) Wilson
D) NRTL

C) Wilson

What mathematical form does the Antoine equation use for vapor pressure correlation?

Log₁₀ Pˢᵃᵗ = A - B/(C + T)

In flash calculations, what does β represent?

The vapor fraction (β = V/F), ratio of vapor flow to feed flow.

True or False: An azeotropic mixture has different compositions in vapor and liquid phases.

False. At azeotropic point, vapor and liquid have identical compositions (xᵢ = yᵢ).

The Rachford-Rice equation is solved iteratively for which variable in flash calculations?

Vapor fraction (β)

Which type of azeotrope has a boiling point lower than either pure component?
A) Maximum-boiling
B) Minimum-boiling
C) Heterogeneous
D) Ideal

B) Minimum-boiling

What does the activity coefficient γᵢ account for in non-ideal solutions?

Deviations from ideal solution behavior due to molecular interactions between unlike molecules.

The modified Raoult's Law equation is: yᵢP = xᵢγᵢ_____

Pᵢˢᵃᵗ

True or False: DePriester charts provide K-values specifically for heavy hydrocarbon systems.

False. DePriester charts are designed for light hydrocarbons in petroleum and natural gas processing.

For liquid-liquid equilibrium, what does the distribution coefficient KD,i represent?

The ratio of component i concentration in extract phase to raffinate phase.

Which equation of state is commonly used for high-pressure VLE calculations?
A) Ideal Gas Law
B) van der Waals
C) Peng-Robinson
D) Antoine

C) Peng-Robinson

What happens to relative volatility α₁₂ when P₁ˢᵃᵗ = P₂ˢᵃᵗ at the system temperature?

Α₁₂ = 1, making separation by distillation impossible (azeotropic behavior).

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates vapor pressure to _____ and heat of vaporization.

Temperature

True or False: The symmetric Margules equation uses only one adjustable parameter A.

True. When A₁₂ = A₂₁ = A, it becomes the one-parameter symmetric form.

In solid-liquid equilibrium, what property determines solute solubility in ideal solutions?

Heat of fusion (ΔHfus) and melting point temperature of the pure solute.

If a binary system has K₁ = 2.4 and x₁ = 0.3, what is y₁?

Y₁ = K₁x₁ = 2.4 × 0.3 = 0.72

Which model combines molecular size effects with energetic interactions for activity coefficients?
A) Margules
B) UNIQUAC
C) Henry's Law
D) Raoult's Law

B) UNIQUAC