What is the rate of reaction (rₐ) defined as?

Change in concentration of species A per unit time: rₐ = dCₐ/dt

Conversion (X) represents the _____ of reactant that has been converted.

Fraction

Which reactor type has no inlet/outlet streams during reaction and is unsteady-state?

Batch Reactor (BR)

True or False: A CSTR has uniform composition throughout the reactor.

True. CSTR is perfectly mixed with steady-state uniform composition.

For elementary reaction aA + bB → cC + dD, what is the rate law?
A) -rₐ = kCₐᵃCᵦ
B) -rₐ = kCₐCᵦ
C) -rₐ = k(Cₐ + Cᵦ)
D) -rₐ = kCₐᵃCᵦᵇ

D) -rₐ = kCₐᵃCᵦᵇ

What does the Arrhenius equation k = k₀e^(-Eₐ/RT) describe?

Temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant

For a zero-order reaction, the rate law is:

-rₐ = k

In batch reactor design, what is the general mole balance equation?

DNₐ/dt = rₐV

True or False: For first-order reaction in batch reactor: t = -ln(1-X)/k

True. This is the integrated form for constant volume systems.

CSTR design equation relates reactor volume to _____ and reaction rate.

Conversion

What is space time (τ) in reactor design?
A) τ = V/v₀
B) τ = v₀/V
C) τ = VF₀
D) τ = V + v₀

A) τ = V/v₀

Why does CSTR require larger volume than PFR for same conversion?

CSTR operates at lowest (exit) concentration, giving lowest reaction rate

For gas-phase reaction A → 2B, the epsilon factor εₐ equals:

1 (since δ = 2-1 = 1 for pure A feed)

In non-isothermal reactor design, what happens to temperature in exothermic adiabatic reaction?

Temperature increases with conversion

True or False: Endothermic reactions decrease temperature in adiabatic operation.

True. Energy absorbed by reaction decreases system temperature.

For series reactions A → B → C, maximum B concentration occurs when:
A) t = 0
B) t = ∞
C) t = ln(k₁/k₂)/(k₁-k₂)
D) t = k₁/k₂

C) t = ln(k₁/k₂)/(k₁-k₂)

Selectivity (S_{D/U}) is defined as the ratio of:

Moles of desired product formed to moles of undesired product formed

What does the residence time distribution E(t) function satisfy?

∫₀^∞ E(t) dt = 1

For ideal PFR, residence time distribution is a _____ function.

Delta (all molecules have same residence time)

In packed bed reactor design, what is W in the equation W = Fₐ₀∫(dX/-r'ₐ)?

Catalyst weight

True or False: Higher activation energy means reaction rate is more sensitive to temperature.

True. Rate constant increases exponentially with temperature for higher Eₐ.

For second-order reaction 2A → B in CSTR, if Cₐ₀ = 4 mol/L and X = 0.8, what is Cₐ?
A) 3.2 mol/L
B) 0.8 mol/L
C) 1.6 mol/L
D) 0.4 mol/L

B) 0.8 mol/L (Cₐ = Cₐ₀(1-X) = 4(1-0.8) = 0.8)

What causes pressure drop in packed bed reactors?

Friction from fluid flow through catalyst particles (Ergun equation)

For parallel reactions, selectivity depends on _____ of rate constants and reaction orders.

Ratio

Why do series of small CSTRs approach PFR performance?

Each CSTR operates at higher average concentration than single large CSTR

True or False: Batch reactor and PFR have identical performance equations for constant volume.

True. Both follow same design equations with time replacing space time.

What is the Damköhler number a ratio of?

Reaction rate to convective transport rate

For adiabatic exothermic reaction, why might actual conversion be lower than isothermal prediction?
A) Rate decreases
B) Equilibrium limit decreases
C) Volume increases
D) Pressure drops

B) Equilibrium limit decreases (higher temperature reduces Kₑq for exothermic reactions)