What is the formula for heat transfer rate through conduction?

Q = (k × A × ΔT) / L

The reciprocal of thermal conductance is called _____.

Thermal resistance (R-value)

True or False: For composite walls with multiple layers, thermal resistances add in parallel.

False. Thermal resistances add in series for composite walls.

What constant is used in the sensible heat formula: qs = 1.1 × CFM × ΔT?
A) 0.68
B) 1.1
C) 3.41
D) 4.5

B) 1.1

Which type of heat gain involves moisture addition without temperature change?

Latent heat gain

What does CLTD stand for in cooling load calculations?

Cooling Load Temperature Difference

True or False: SHGC stands for Solar Heat Gain Coefficient.

True

The formula q = U × A × CLTD is used for calculating heat gain through _____ and _____.

Walls and roofs

What are the ASHRAE reference conditions for CLTD corrections?
A) 70°F and 80°F
B) 75°F and 85°F
C) 78°F and 85°F
D) 80°F and 90°F

C) 78°F and 85°F

A seated person at rest generates how many Btu/hr of sensible heat?

245 Btu/hr

What conversion factor is used to convert watts to Btu/hr in lighting calculations?

3.41

True or False: The ballast factor for LED lighting is typically 1.2.

False. The ballast factor for LED is typically 1.0; fluorescent is 1.2.

The formula for motor-driven equipment load includes what conversion factor for horsepower?

2545 (Btu/hr per HP)

What does ACH represent in infiltration calculations?
A) Air Change Hour
B) Air Cooling Heat
C) Air Changes per Hour
D) Air Conditioning Heat

C) Air Changes per Hour

In the crack method for infiltration, what is the typical pressure exponent value?

0.65

True or False: Design heating load is based on transient heat transfer analysis.

False. Design heating load is based on steady-state heat transfer.

What does SHR stand for in psychrometric analysis?

Sensible Heat Ratio

The SHR formula is: SHR = qs / _____

Qtotal (or qs + qL)

What does ADP represent in cooling coil analysis?
A) Air Dew Point
B) Apparatus Dew Point
C) Actual Dew Point
D) Average Dew Point

B) Apparatus Dew Point

Typical oversizing factors for residential cooling systems range from _____ to _____.

0% to 15%

True or False: RTS method is the current ASHRAE recommended load calculation method.

True

Manual J is the standard for _____ load calculations in the United States.

Residential

What type of loads include equipment weight and piping weight on mechanical systems?

Dead loads

The Darcy-Weisbach equation calculates what in fluid systems?
A) Flow rate
B) Pressure drop
C) Temperature rise
D) Pump efficiency

B) Pressure drop

In the Hazen-Williams equation, what does the coefficient C typically range between?

100-150

True or False: Minor losses in fittings use the formula h = K × (v²/2g).

True

The pump power constant 3960 is used in the formula HP = (Q × H × SG) / _____.

(3960 × η)

How many Btu/hr equal one ton of refrigeration?

12,000 Btu/hr

What factor accounts for non-simultaneous operation of equipment in load calculations?

Diversity factor