What are the two main categories of natural resources, and how do they differ?

Natural resources include renewable and nonrenewable.

• Renewable resources replenish naturally.

• Nonrenewable resources are finite.

• Resource management affects sustainability.

Fill in the blank: An ecological footprint measures how much land and water area a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it _____.

Generates

True or False: Air pollution affects only human health and has no impact on ecosystems.

False

Air pollution impacts ecosystems too.

• Affects wildlife health directly.

• Damages plant life and habitats.

• Contributes to climate change effects.

Riddle: I am a process that creates dead zones in water, where life cannot thrive. I thrive on nutrients from fertilizers but leave fish gasping for air. What am I?

Eutrophication

Describe how deforestation impacts the carbon cycle and contributes to climate change.

Deforestation disrupts the carbon cycle.

• Releases stored carbon dioxide.

• Reduces CO₂ absorption capacity.

• Increases greenhouse gas concentration.

What is the significance of biodiversity, and how does it benefit ecosystems?

Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems.

• Enhances ecosystem resilience.

• Provides essential services.

• Supports nutrient cycling.

Fill in the blank: When sulfur dioxide (SO₂) reacts with water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂) in the atmosphere, it forms _____.

Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a major source of air pollution? A) Burning fossil fuels B) Deforestation C) Solar energy D) Industrial processes

C) Solar energy

What are the primary strategies for managing municipal solid waste effectively?

Effective municipal solid waste management strategies.

• Reduce waste production significantly.

• Reuse materials to extend life.

• Recycle to conserve resources efficiently.

Riddle: I can be renewable or nonrenewable, essential for life yet depleting fast. Without me, cities dry up and crops fail. What am I?

Water

Explain the concept of habitat fragmentation and its effects on wildlife populations.

Habitat fragmentation harms wildlife populations.

• Isolates animal populations.

• Reduces genetic diversity.

• Increases extinction risk.