What distinguishes climate from weather?

Climate is long-term patterns.

• Climate lasts decades or longer.

• Weather is short-term conditions.

• Both affect ecosystems differently.

The greenhouse effect relies on which gases to trap heat in the atmosphere?

Greenhouse gases trap heat effectively.

• CO₂ is major greenhouse gas.

• Methane is very potent gas.

• N₂O affects climate significantly.

Fill in the blank: The five major systems interacting in Earth's climate are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and ___.

Geosphere.

True or False: The solar cycle significantly affects Earth's climate by causing rapid temperature changes.

False

Solar cycle has minor climate effects.

• Minimal solar energy variation.

• Does not explain recent warming.

• Climate change driven by other factors.

Riddle: I am the layer that surrounds Earth, filled with gases and responsible for weather. What am I?

The atmosphere.

Describe how volcanic eruptions can temporarily affect Earth's climate.

Volcanic eruptions cause temporary cooling.

• Inject sulfur dioxide high up.

• Ash reflects sunlight away.

• Results in cooler global temperatures.

What evidence do scientists use to determine past climate conditions?

Scientists use various climate proxies.

• Ice cores reveal ancient air bubbles.

• Tree rings indicate growth conditions.

• Sediment cores show historical layers.

Fill in the blank: The current climate change phenomenon is primarily attributed to human activities such as the burning of ___ and deforestation.

Fossil fuels.

What are two major impacts of climate change on ecosystems?

Climate change affects ecosystems significantly.

• Species migrate towards poles.

• Coral bleaching occurs rapidly.

• Ocean acidification harms marine life.

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas? A) Carbon Dioxide B) Methane C) Nitrogen D) Nitrous Oxide

C) Nitrogen.