What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

The cell

True or False: Scientists believe life originated on land rather than in water.

False. Scientists widely believe that life originated in water, possibly in small water pools with changing environmental conditions.

What are heat-loving bacteria that live in extremely hot environments called?

Thermophiles

The limit of resolution of human eye is _____ mm.

0.1

Who was the first person to observe a cell in 1665?
A) Camillo Golgi
B) Robert Hooke
C) Arun Kumar Sharma
D) Gottlieb Haberlandt

B) Robert Hooke

What did Robert Hooke name the small box-like compartments he observed in cork?

Cells

If 25 cells are seen along a 5000 μm diameter, what is each cell's estimated size?

200 μm

True or False: The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing all substances to pass through freely.

False. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass through while blocking others.

What is the thickness of a cell membrane?

7 to 10 nanometres (nm)

The cell membrane structure is called the _____ _____ Model.

Fluid Mosaic

What is the net movement of particles from higher to lower concentration called?

Diffusion

In osmosis, water moves from _____ solution to _____ solution through a membrane.

Dilute, concentrated

What happens to a potato piece placed in 20% salt solution?
A) It swells
B) It shrinks
C) No change
D) It dissolves

B) It shrinks

What is the additional layer outside plant cell membranes called?

Cell wall

What is the primary component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose

When plant cell membrane pulls away from cell wall due to water loss, it's called _____.

Plasmolysis

True or False: Animal cells have cell walls to provide structural support.

False. Animal cells do not have cell walls. Only plant, fungi, and bacterial cells have cell walls.

What does 'prokaryotic' literally mean?
A) True nucleus
B) Primitive nucleus
C) No nucleus
D) Multiple nuclei

B) Primitive nucleus

Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?

In the nucleoid region

What are the small specialized structures in eukaryotic cell cytoplasm called?

Organelles

Which organelle is called the control centre of the cell?

Nucleus

Why do mature red blood cells have no nucleus?

To provide more space for haemoglobin, allowing more oxygen transport.

Riddle: I am tiny structures that build proteins using DNA instructions. What am I?

Ribosomes

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Rough ER has ribosomes attached; smooth ER has no ribosomes attached.

Which organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria

What are the folded inner projections of mitochondria called?

Cristae

True or False: Plastids are found in both plant and animal cells.

False. Plastids are found only in plant cells and some algae.

What happens when a plant doesn't get enough water and vacuoles lose water?

The plant wilts because cells become less firm.