A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, such as ___ dissolved in water.

Sugar

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes a heterogeneous mixture?

Its composition varies from one part to another.

The Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) was developed by which Indian scientist?

Dilip Mahalanabis

The formula for mass by mass percentage (% m/m) is expressed as ___ .

(Mass of solute / Mass of solution) x 100

Define solubility in the context of a saturated solution.

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specified amount of solvent at a given temperature.

True or False: A solution can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

False; a solution is always homogeneous.

In the process of crystallization, the formation of crystals is primarily based on ___ .

Differences in solubility at different temperatures.

What is the primary purpose of distillation in separating mixtures?

To separate liquids based on their boiling points.

Fill in the blank: Paper chromatography separates components based on their ___ with the solvent.

Interactions

What is the principle behind using a separating funnel to separate immiscible liquids?

The denser liquid settles to the bottom while the less dense liquid forms the upper layer.

Riddle: I can turn from solid to gas without becoming liquid, what am I?

A sublimable solid like camphor.

What is a colloid and how does it differ from a true solution?

A colloid is a mixture where particles are dispersed but do not settle, unlike a true solution where particles are completely dissolved.

True or False: The Tyndall Effect can be observed in true solutions.

False; it occurs in colloids and suspensions.

Calculate the mass by volume percentage if 5 g of glucose is dissolved in 100 mL of solution.

5% (m/v)

What is centrifugation and how is it used in laboratories?

Centrifugation is the process of spinning a mixture to separate components based on density, often used to separate blood components.

Fill in the blank: The process of adding a coagulant to make fine particles clump together is called ___.

Coagulation

What is fractional distillation, and where is it commonly applied?

Fractional distillation is used to separate components of mixtures with small differences in boiling points, commonly applied in petroleum refineries.

List two examples of colloids.

Milk and fog.

Riddle: I am a mixture that appears uniform but hides my true nature, what am I?

A colloid.

What happens to a saturated solution when it is cooled?

Excess solute may crystallize out.

What is the key difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition.

• Consistent appearance throughout.

• Components cannot be distinguished.

• Examples include solutions and alloys.

The process of crystallization is primarily used for ___ and involves steps such as preparing a saturated solution and cooling the filtrate.

The formation of crystals from a saturated solution

True or False: The Tyndall Effect occurs in true solutions but not in colloids or suspensions.

False. The Tyndall Effect occurs in colloids and suspensions, but not in true solutions.