What is the primary biological process that ensures continuity of life among living organisms?

Reproduction is the primary biological process that ensures continuity of life among living organisms.

Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically ___ to the parent.

Identical

Explain how vegetative propagation can benefit agriculture.

Vegetative propagation enhances agricultural practices.

• Produces uniform crops easily.

• Increases yield of desired traits.

• Helps in disease resistance development.

What role does meiosis play in sexual reproduction?

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid gametes and allowing for genetic variation in offspring.

List the four main parts of a complete flower.

Sepal, Petal, Stamen, and Pistil.

What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?

Self-pollination vs Cross-pollination

• Same flower's pollen used.

• Involves different plants' pollen.

• Affects genetic diversity levels.

True or False: Budding is a method of asexual reproduction observed in yeast and hydra.

True

Fill in the blank: The fusion of male and female gametes is called ___.

Fertilisation

How does pollination contribute to the process of fertilisation in flowering plants?

Pollination aids fertilization in plants.

• Transfers pollen to stigma.

• Pollen germinates and forms tube.

• Carries sperm to ovule.

What is the significance of genetic variation in sexual reproduction?

Genetic variation is vital for evolution.

• Enhances adaptability to environments.

• Promotes survival of populations.

• Facilitates new species emergence.

Explain the process of gametogenesis in humans.

Gametogenesis produces sperm and eggs.

• It involves meiosis division.

• Results in haploid cells.

• Essential for sexual reproduction.

Riddle: I am produced in large numbers, yet many do not survive. I carry genetic material and help create new life. What am I?

Sperm or eggs

What happens to the uterine lining if an egg is not fertilised during the menstrual cycle?

The uterine lining sheds along with some blood, a process known as menstruation.

Describe the role of the ovary in the female reproductive system.

The ovary produces eggs and hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and reproductive functions.

True or False: External fertilisation is typical in mammals.

False - External fertilisation is typical in fish and amphibians, while internal fertilisation occurs in mammals.

What is the main purpose of using techniques like grafting in agriculture?

Grafting helps propagate plants with desirable traits, enhancing yield and resistance to diseases.

Fill in the blank: The process by which a fertilised egg develops into a foetus occurs in the ___.

Uterus

How does the menstrual cycle regulate ovulation?

The menstrual cycle prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy by thickening its lining and releasing a mature egg during ovulation.

What are the major functions of the male reproductive system?

The male reproductive system produces sperm and hormones, facilitating reproduction.

Riddle: I am a protective structure that supports the growth of a new organism before birth. What am I?

Uterus

How can unwanted pregnancies and infections be prevented?

Using contraceptives prevents unwanted pregnancies.

• Condoms reduce pregnancy risks.

• Oral pills regulate ovulation effectively.

• IUDs provide long-term birth control.

What is the significance of the first trimester of pregnancy?

During the first trimester, the fertilised egg develops into an embryo, and major organs begin to form.

How does the structure of sperm enable it to reach the egg?

The sperm has a long tail that propels it forward, allowing it to swim towards the egg.

What is one method of artificial hybridisation in plant breeding?

Removing stamens from a flower and manually transferring pollen to the stigma of another flower.

True or False: All reproductive methods in animals ensure the survival of offspring equally.

False - Different methods like external and internal fertilisation have varying survival rates for the offspring.

What is the role of ASHA workers in maternal care?

ASHA workers provide guidance on maternal health, hygiene, immunisation, and safe deliveries, particularly in rural areas.

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that produces genetically identical cells during asexual reproduction is called ___.

Mitosis

What is the relationship between meiosis and genetic diversity in offspring?

Meiosis creates genetic diversity by shuffling chromosomes and producing unique combinations in gametes.

Riddle: I am a cycle that repeats every month, marking a woman's readiness for reproduction. What am I?

Menstrual cycle

Describe the importance of maternal health during pregnancy.

Maternal health is crucial as it directly affects the baby's development; adequate nutrition, rest, and medical care are essential.

What is the significance of the zygote in reproduction?

The zygote is the first cell formed after fertilisation, which will eventually develop into a new organism.

How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction in terms of genetic outcome?

Sexual reproduction creates genetic diversity.

• Involves two parents.

• Combines genetic material.

• Offspring are genetically unique.