Teaching

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.

Rahul, a young householder, used to study the scriptures everyday under a Guru. One day the guru was explaining the following passage from the Upanishads: “No husband is loved by his wife for his own sake but it is all for the sake of the Self……….No sons are loved by their father for their sake but is all for the sake of the Self that the sons become dear to him.” At that stage, Rahul intervened and said, “Sir, in my case, both my parents and my wife love me so dearly for my own sake that if I am delayed by a few minutes in reaching home they get highly agitated and if something happens to me they will die.” The Guruji said, “You shall learn the truth of it tomorrow when you see the result of a test I am going to hold. Before going to bed tonight you must swallow this herbal powder. As a result, you will lie as if dead tomorrow morning but you will be able to hear all that is spoken in your presence. After a few hours when the effect of this medicine wears off, you will become normal and get up. You will see the fun.” Rahul did as instructed and in the morning his wife and parents found him ‘dead’–lying motionless without any pulse or heartbeat. The Guruji was apprised of the situation and he came over. They entreated him to bring Rahul back to life by using his divine powers. The Guruji asked for a jar full of water and said, “I shall draw out all the bad destiny responsible for your son’s death into his water. One of you will have to drink this water. The one who drinks will die immediately while Rahul will be restored to life. Tell me who among you is prepared to die for him ?” Both the parents refused, saying, “We are old and helping each other mutually. If one dies, the other will not have anybody to help. So our drinking the water is out of question”. Rahul’s young wife also said, “I am very young and have not seen anything of this world yet. When such old people, who have seen life in its fullness, do not want to die how can you expect me to volunteer for death?” A bright idea flashed into the mind of the father who told the Guruji, “Sir, you are a renunciate and have to relatives to mourn your death. Why don’t you drink the water yourself? We will conduct your funeral in a grand manner.” 

Q. Which of the following can best explain the clause “Rahul did as instructed” as given in the passage? 

Jamshedji Tata is (a) to be the path-finder of modern industrial builders. He is known as the grand-father of the Indian industry for his acumen and enthusiasm. Nobody else could have (b) of the new industries started by Jamshedji at the time when industrial (c) and revolution was yet to come to India. 

Jamshedji’s father Nasarvanji Tata used to trade in jute with China and Britain. He started (d) from India. Jamshedji started a cloth mill in Nagpur more than hundred years ago. At that time almost all the (e) used to come from Lancashire in England. What Jamshedji (6) was praiseworthy. 

Jamshedji (7) very well that an industrial revolution can only be brought in the country by setting up iron and steel industry. (8) he did not live to see the industry he had in mind, he had done all (9) work. In fact, he laid the ground work for it. He had planned the entire steel city now known as Jamshedpur, complete with streets, roads, schools, parks, play grounds, temples, mosques, churches, etc. His (10) was fulfilled by his sons, Sir Dorabji tata and Sir Rattan Tata, when they started the Tata Iron & Steel Factory in 1907 just after three years of his death.

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के लिए सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए- 

Q. भाषा सीखने में जो त्रुटियां होती हैं 

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option.

My heart grieved when I read the other day a news item that more than two-thirds of the elderly are being ignored in their twilight years. They are isolated by their own children and are experiencing loneliness in their present lives. Most of them say they are not being respected or given good treatment by their family or society, and they are being discriminated against in their old age. Majority of the elderly attributed their loneliness to no or little interaction with family members. With fast changing socio-economic scenarios, growing nuclear families and changing value systems, the needs of the elderly have also changed. The most common problems that the elderly face are – marginalization, lack of love and affection from their loved ones, little or no access to medicines and healthcare, finding it difficult to secure their life and property. They have no work opportunities as a result of which they face financial problems. They suffer from restricted mobility and have psychological problems on account of loneliness. To improve the situation for the elderly, the Government of India may consider enacting a law like many other countries have, to make it compulsory for children to maintain and look after their parents and also establish the National Commission for Elderly Persons. At the same time, the fact remains that the real compulsion has to come out of the bonds of affection between parents and children. We would not be wrong in saying that in India the joint-family system has made a powerful contribution in cementing the bonds of affection between the old and the young.

Q. What the elderly do not lack ________. 

I was ten year old then , and my brother, Nick, was fourteen. For both of us this buying of a gift for our mother on Mother's day was a time of excitement and great importance.

It was our first gift to her. We were very poor. It was just after the first World War and we lived in difficult times of trouble. Our father worked now sometimes as a waiter. Birthday and Christmas gifts were taken care of by him as well as he could, but such a thing as a mother's day gift was out-of-the-ordinary luxury. But  we had been lucky, Nick and myself. A second hand furniture store had opened on the block, and deliveries were made by means of loading the furniture on a wobbly pushcart,  which we carefully pushed through traffic, to the customer's home. We got a nickel each and, perhaps, a tip.

I remember how Nick's thin, dark face lighted up with the joy of the present. He had first thought of it in shool; and the thought of surprise and giving grew in him, and myself, and we were highly excited. When we secretly told our father, he was very pleased. He stroked our heads proudly. "It's a fine idea", he said. "It will make your mother very happy." From his tone, we knew what he was thinking. He had given our mother very little in their life together. She worked all day, cooking and buying, looking after us in illness and stoking the stove in the kitchen with wood and coal to keep us warm in winter. She did her own washing of the family clothes in the bath tub. And she did all these things silently. She did not laugh much, but when she smiled at us it was a beautiful thing-well worth waiting for.

Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows by selecting the most appropriate option. 

1. Karuna Verma is bewildered. "I don't know how she did it," she says about her mother, Renu Chopra. Karuna's childhood memories are of her father leaving late for office so that, by then, her mother would be back from work. Of her parents working in sync to make sure the kids were well taken off. Of her mother handling kitchen and classroom with ease. 
2. When her own daughter was born, Karuna too wanted to do the balancing act. But it did not turn out a job as easy as it seemed. For starters, her parent's era was different from hers. As she was living with her husband in Andheri, Mumbai, away from their families, resuming work would have meant leaving her daughter with a maid while she was away. Her daughter's formative years would be spent with an outside, a thought that did not appeal to Karuna. She quit her teaching job in a school. 
3. For a woman who was encouraged to be independent throughout her life, the decision to quit and stay at home was a difficult one. Ironically it was her mother who urged her to quit the job and become a full-time mother. For Karuna, being a housewife is one of the tougher jobs she has had. "I have no time for myself' says Karuna. "I make sure all my personal work is done when Avni is asleep. Earlier I had a set routine. My husband and I used to wake up at 6 a.m. I would re-heat the food the maid had cooked the day before and pack it for lunch. Then we used to head off to work, and at night, we would go out. I had a lot of time to myself and for my husband then," says Karuna. 
4. The routine is quite different now. Karuna has taken to cooking. She wakes up quite early and makes sure all her work is done before the baby is up. The rest of the day flies by, pandering to two-year-old Avni's needs. 
Source: The week, March 13, 2011 (adapted) 

Q. "I have no time for myself' says Karuna. This sentence can be written in reported speech as 

We all have read the story of two friends and a bear. Once two friends were passing through a (a) forest. All of a sudden, a bear came out of its cave. It began to (b). Both felt terrified. The fair-weather friend ran (c) and climbed up a tall tree. The other laid himself on the ground and (d) to be dead. The bear came and (e) him. He (6) him for dead and went away. Now the fair-weather friend climbed down the tree and said to his friend, “What did the bear (7) into your ears?” He answered that the bear had advised him to (8) of fair-weather friend. They were more dangerous than snakes. A true friend, on the other hand, is the medicine of life. He stands by us in (9) and woe, thick and thin. A true friend (10) his own pleasure and convenience for the sake of his friend.

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िये तथा पूछे गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही उत्तर वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए –

व्यक्ति की पहचान उसकी भाषा से होती है और भाषा संस्कार से बनती है। जिनके जैसे संस्कार होंगे, वैसी ही उसकी भाषा होगी। जब कोई आदमी भाषा बोलता है तो साथ में उसके संस्कार भी बोलते हैं। यही कारण है कि भाषा शिक्षक का दायित्व बहुत गुरोत्तर और चुनौतीपूर्ण है। परम्परागत रूप में शिक्षक की भूमिका इन तीन कौशलों­बोलना, पढ़ना और लिखना तक सीमित कर दी गई है। केवल यांत्रिक कौशल किसी जीती जागती भाषा का उदाहरण नहीं हो सकते है। सोचना और महसूस करना दो ऐसे कारक हैं जिनसे भाषा सही आकार पाती है। इसके बिना भाषा गूँगी एवं बहरी है, इनके बिना भाषा संस्कार नहीं बन सकती, इनके बिना भाषा युगों­युगों का लम्बा सफर नहीं तय कर सकती; इनके बिना कोई भाषा किसी देश या समाज की धड़कन नहीं बन सकती। केवल सम्प्रेषण ही भाषा नहीं है। दर्द और मुस्कान के बिना कोई भाषा जीवन्त नहीं हो सकती। 

Q. कोई भाषा किसके बिना जीवंत नहीं हो सकती? 

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

Jamshedji Tata is (a) to be the path-finder of modern industrial builders. He is known as the grand-father of the Indian industry for his acumen and enthusiasm. Nobody else could have (b) of the new industries started by Jamshedji at the time when industrial (c) and revolution was yet to come to India. 

Jamshedji’s father Nasarvanji Tata used to trade in jute with China and Britain. He started (d) from India. Jamshedji started a cloth mill in Nagpur more than hundred years ago. At that time almost all the (e) used to come from Lancashire in England. What Jamshedji (6) was praiseworthy. 

Jamshedji (7) very well that an industrial revolution can only be brought in the country by setting up iron and steel industry. (8) he did not live to see the industry he had in mind, he had done all (9) work. In fact, he laid the ground work for it. He had planned the entire steel city now known as Jamshedpur, complete with streets, roads, schools, parks, play grounds, temples, mosques, churches, etc. His (10) was fulfilled by his sons, Sir Dorabji tata and Sir Rattan Tata, when they started the Tata Iron & Steel Factory in 1907 just after three years of his death.

The eastern and the western wings of Pakistan were separated by about 1,600 km. They were united solely by the bond of religion. The rulers of Pakistan suppressed the people of the eastern wing and denied them any say in the affairs of the government. They reduced East Bengal to the position of a colony of West Pakistan and exploited her, Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman and his party (A wami League), the people of East Bengal demanded restoration of democracy and an end to their exploitation by West Pakistan.Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman was arrested and the Pakistani army let loose a reign of terror against the pecople of East Bengal. As a result, about 10 million people of East Bengal escaped to India. It created a great human problem for Inida. In the meantime, the leaders of East Bengal declared East Bengal as a sovereign, independent nation (Bangladesh) and organised an army (Mukti Vahini) to free their country from the Pakistani army. On December 3, 1971,  Pakistan, having failed to suppress the  Mukti Vahini, declared war on India. This war came to an end within 14 days after the defeat of Pakistan. The Pakistani army  surrendered on December 17, 1971. The eastern wing of Pakistan became an independent state under the name of Bangladesh. A conference of the leaders of India and pakistan was held at Shimla in 1972. Both the countries agreed to return the territories conquered by each other during the war. They also agreed to solve their mutual disputes through peaceful negotiations.

India was the first country to recognise the people's Republic of Bangladesh. Many other countries also recognised this new state. Bangladesh adopted the principles of democracy, socialism and secularism. During the time of Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rehman's government, the relations between the two countries were very cordial. India developed trade relatons with Bangladesh and helped in the rebuilding of Bangladesh in every possible way. The question relating to the Farakka Barrage was also resolved. Since 1971 both the countries have established close political, economic and cultural relations.

Although Bangladesh has seen many ups and downs since her establishment. India is trying its best to maintain friendly relations with her. Whenever there is any  calamity, drought, flood etc., in Bangla-desh, India has always extended a helping hand to that country. India also agreed in 1992 to hand over Tin Bigha corridor to Bangladesh. Similary, Bangladesh also agreed to take back the Chakma refugees. In December 1996, Inida signed a historic treaty with Bangladesh, over the sharing of the Ganga waters. This treaty will remain in force for 30 years.

Every morning the mean of the village would tuck into a hearty breakfast and then gather in groups. If the men had spent even a little time on their land, they would have reapedwonderful crops but they spent the day telling each other tall tales. They returned home only at lunch and dinner time. All responsibilities fell on the women. They cooked, cleaned, sent the children to school, worked in the fields, took the crops to the market-in short, they did everything. The women grew tired of this. Someone suggested writing to the King, who was known to be fair and kind. So a letter has written and sent. The women went back to their work, but were on the lookout to see if the King would solve their problem. Many days passed and slowly the women began to lose hope. After all, why would the King of such a vast empire be concerned about the plight of a few women in a tiny village like theirs? 
On night, when the men gathered to chat and boast after dinner, a tall and handsome stranger joined them. Each man wanted to prove he was better than others to impress him. One said.” As soon as I was born, I ran to the capital and met the King.” Not to be outdone, a second man said, “When I was a day old, I rode a horse all the way to the King’s palace and we had the most delicious breakfast together.” At the thought of food everyone began to applaud. Now a third man said, “I sat on an elephant when I was a week old and had lunch with the King in his palace.” Before the admiring murmurs could die down, a fourth one said, “When I was a month old I flew to the king’s garden. He let me sit with him on his throne.” 
The stranger then spoke up, “Do you four men know the King very well?” “Of course we do!” they replied together. “In fact, he is proud to have supernatural beings like us in his Kingdom”. The stranger looked thoughtful and said, “Some time ago, the King called four supermen to the city in order to repair the city walls. Since the largest, toughest stones were used, this could be done only by these supermen. The four asked to be paid in gold and the King gave them the money. But they disappeared and I have been wandering the Kingdom looking for them. The King has ordered me to find them and bring them back to the capital to finish the work. They will also have to return the gold they ran away with. It looks like my search has finally ended. I will take you four to the King, along with the gold you stole from him. I shall be the rich one now.” 
By the time the stranger finished telling this amazing story, the men’s faces were ashen. What trouble had their lies landed them in? They dived at the stranger’s feet.” Forget what we said!” they wailed. “Those were all lies. We are just lazy men.” The stranger smiled. “I will tell the King there are no supermen in this village, only hard-working, ordinary men and women. But he will come to verity this himself!” The men promised to stop telling tales and do some honest work. That height the stranger left the village on a white horse, fit to belong to the King!

Q. What reason did the stranger give for visiting the village? 

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option. 
1. This was one of the Old Man's pet schemes; and one about which he would brook no interference. Each child would review the events of his school week in his own words, in his own way; he was free to comment, to criticize, to agree or disagree, with any person subject or method, as long as it was in some way associated with the school No one and nothing was scared from the headmaster down, and the child, moreover, was safe from any form of reprisal. 
2. "Look at it this way", Mr. Florian had said. "It is of advantage to both pupil and teacher. If a child wants to write about something which matters to him, he will take some pains to set it down as carefully and with as much detail as possible; that must in some way improve his written English in terms of spelling, construction, and style. Week by week we are able, through his reviews, to follow and observe his progress in such things As for the teachers, We soon gets pretty good idea what the children think of us and whether or not we are getting close to them it may sometimes be rather deflating to discover that a well-prepared lesson did not really excite Johnny Smith's interest, but after all, the lesson Was intended to benefit Johnny Smith, not his teacher. 
 

Q. Sacred' in the context of the Headmaster means 

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate options. 

Common cold 
1. Go hang yourself, you old M.D.! You shall not sneer at me. 
Pick up your hat and stethoscope, 
Go wash your mouth with laundry soap; I contemplate a joy exquisite 
I'm not paying you for your visit. I did not call you to be told 
My malady is a common cold. 
2. By pounding brow and swollen lip; By fever's hot and scaly grip; By those two red redundant eyes That weeps like woeful April skies; By racking snuffle, snort, and sniff; By handkerchief after handkerchief; This could you wave away as naught Is the damnedest cold man ever caught! 
3. Bacilli swarm within my portals Such as were ne'er conceived by mortals, 
But bred by scientists wise and hoary In some Olympic laboratory; Bacteria ass large ass mice, 
With feet of fire and heads of ice Who never interrupt for slumber Their stamping elephantine rumba.

Q. Why and at whom does the poet show his emotion? 

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के लिए सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए- 

Q. द्वितीय भाषा के रूप में हिन्दी सीखने का मुख्य उद्देश्य है 

One day the king of the (a) was flying about, high up in the air, in a forest, with a (b) of his followers. Early that morning a fowler had (c) some (d) of rice on the ground. Over them he had spread a very fine net. Then he hid himself (e) a bush and waited.

As the king of the pigeons flew along, he saw the (6) on the ground. He stopped at once and said to his (7), "Look down! There is rice for us to eat." The pigeons looked down, and there they saw, just near a big banyan tree, grains of shining white rice scattered on the ground. "Shall we fly down", said the pigeon king, "and eat that rice ?"

"No!" replied a (8) old pigeon. "This is not a rice-field. It is a forest. Rice does not grow in a forest! How did those grains get there? I am afraid that there is some (9) here and we may come to (10). So let us not eat that rice."

Directions (1-10) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are given in underline to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

I was ten year old then , and my brother, Nick, was fourteen. For both of us this buying of a gift for our mother on Mother's day was a time of excitement and great importance.

It was our first gift to her. We were very poor. It was just after the first World War and we lived in difficult times of trouble. Our father worked now sometimes as a waiter. Birthday and Christmas gifts were taken care of by him as well as he could, but such a thing as a mother's day gift was out-of-the-ordinary luxury. But  we had been lucky, Nick and myself. A second hand furniture store had opened on the block, and deliveries were made by means of loading the furniture on a wobbly pushcart,  which we carefully pushed through traffic, to the customer's home. We got a nickel each and, perhaps, a tip.

I remember how Nick's thin, dark face lighted up with the joy of the present. He had first thought of it in shool; and the thought of surprise and giving grew in him, and myself, and we were highly excited. When we secretly told our father, he was very pleased. He stroked our heads proudly. "It's a fine idea", he said. "It will make your mother very happy." From his tone, we knew what he was thinking. He had given our mother very little in their life together. She worked all day, cooking and buying, looking after us in illness and stoking the stove in the kitchen with wood and coal to keep us warm in winter. She did her own washing of the family clothes in the bath tub. And she did all these things silently. She did not laugh much, but when she smiled at us it was a beautiful thing-well worth waiting for.

Read the following passage given below and answer the question that follows by choosing the most appropriate option. 

The study of history provides many benefits. First, we learn from the past. We may repeat mistakes, but, at least, we have the opportunity to avoid them. Second, history teaches what questions to ask about the present. Contrary to some people's view, the study of history is not the memorization of names, dates, and places. It is a thoughtful examination of the forces that have shaped the courses of human life. We can examine events from the past and then draw interpretation about current events. History teaches us about likely outcomes. Another benefit of the study of history is the broad range of benefits experience which is covered. War and peace are certainly covered as are national and international affairs. However, matters of culture (art, literature, and music) are also included in historical study. Human nature is an important part of history: emotions like passion, greed, and insecurity have influenced the shaping of world affairs. Anyone who thinks that the study of history is boring has not really studied. 

Q. Which method of teaching history would the author of the passage support?