Teaching

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option.

My heart grieved when I read the other day a news item that more than two-thirds of the elderly are being ignored in their twilight years. They are isolated by their own children and are experiencing loneliness in their present lives. Most of them say they are not being respected or given good treatment by their family or society, and they are being discriminated against in their old age. Majority of the elderly attributed their loneliness to no or little interaction with family members. With fast changing socio-economic scenarios, growing nuclear families and changing value systems, the needs of the elderly have also changed. The most common problems that the elderly face are – marginalization, lack of love and affection from their loved ones, little or no access to medicines and healthcare, finding it difficult to secure their life and property. They have no work opportunities as a result of which they face financial problems. They suffer from restricted mobility and have psychological problems on account of loneliness. To improve the situation for the elderly, the Government of India may consider enacting a law like many other countries have, to make it compulsory for children to maintain and look after their parents and also establish the National Commission for Elderly Persons. At the same time, the fact remains that the real compulsion has to come out of the bonds of affection between parents and children. We would not be wrong in saying that in India the joint-family system has made a powerful contribution in cementing the bonds of affection between the old and the young.

Q. Only ________ can keep the old united with the family. 

I was ten year old then , and my brother, Nick, was fourteen. For both of us this buying of a gift for our mother on Mother's day was a time of excitement and great importance.

It was our first gift to her. We were very poor. It was just after the first World War and we lived in difficult times of trouble. Our father worked now sometimes as a waiter. Birthday and Christmas gifts were taken care of by him as well as he could, but such a thing as a mother's day gift was out-of-the-ordinary luxury. But  we had been lucky, Nick and myself. A second hand furniture store had opened on the block, and deliveries were made by means of loading the furniture on a wobbly pushcart,  which we carefully pushed through traffic, to the customer's home. We got a nickel each and, perhaps, a tip.

I remember how Nick's thin, dark face lighted up with the joy of the present. He had first thought of it in shool; and the thought of surprise and giving grew in him, and myself, and we were highly excited. When we secretly told our father, he was very pleased. He stroked our heads proudly. "It's a fine idea", he said. "It will make your mother very happy." From his tone, we knew what he was thinking. He had given our mother very little in their life together. She worked all day, cooking and buying, looking after us in illness and stoking the stove in the kitchen with wood and coal to keep us warm in winter. She did her own washing of the family clothes in the bath tub. And she did all these things silently. She did not laugh much, but when she smiled at us it was a beautiful thing-well worth waiting for.

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के लिए सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए- 

Q. भाषा शिक्षण की विधियां मुख्यतः ........... पर निर्भर होनी चाहिए। 

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

Q. Strange 

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िये तथा पूछे गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही उत्तर वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए –

व्यक्ति की पहचान उसकी भाषा से होती है और भाषा संस्कार से बनती है। जिनके जैसे संस्कार होंगे, वैसी ही उसकी भाषा होगी। जब कोई आदमी भाषा बोलता है तो साथ में उसके संस्कार भी बोलते हैं। यही कारण है कि भाषा शिक्षक का दायित्व बहुत गुरोत्तर और चुनौतीपूर्ण है। परम्परागत रूप में शिक्षक की भूमिका इन तीन कौशलों­बोलना, पढ़ना और लिखना तक सीमित कर दी गई है। केवल यांत्रिक कौशल किसी जीती जागती भाषा का उदाहरण नहीं हो सकते है। सोचना और महसूस करना दो ऐसे कारक हैं जिनसे भाषा सही आकार पाती है। इसके बिना भाषा गूँगी एवं बहरी है, इनके बिना भाषा संस्कार नहीं बन सकती, इनके बिना भाषा युगों­युगों का लम्बा सफर नहीं तय कर सकती; इनके बिना कोई भाषा किसी देश या समाज की धड़कन नहीं बन सकती। केवल सम्प्रेषण ही भाषा नहीं है। दर्द और मुस्कान के बिना कोई भाषा जीवन्त नहीं हो सकती।

Q. व्यक्ति की पहचान किससे होती है? 

One day the king of the (a) was flying about, high up in the air, in a forest, with a (b) of his followers. Early that morning a fowler had (c) some (d) of rice on the ground. Over them he had spread a very fine net. Then he hid himself (e) a bush and waited.

As the king of the pigeons flew along, he saw the (6) on the ground. He stopped at once and said to his (7), "Look down! There is rice for us to eat." The pigeons looked down, and there they saw, just near a big banyan tree, grains of shining white rice scattered on the ground. "Shall we fly down", said the pigeon king, "and eat that rice ?"

"No!" replied a (8) old pigeon. "This is not a rice-field. It is a forest. Rice does not grow in a forest! How did those grains get there? I am afraid that there is some (9) here and we may come to (10). So let us not eat that rice."

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

I was ten year old then , and my brother, Nick, was fourteen. For both of us this buying of a gift for our mother on Mother's day was a time of excitement and great importance.

It was our first gift to her. We were very poor. It was just after the first World War and we lived in difficult times of trouble. Our father worked now sometimes as a waiter. Birthday and Christmas gifts were taken care of by him as well as he could, but such a thing as a mother's day gift was out-of-the-ordinary luxury. But  we had been lucky, Nick and myself. A second hand furniture store had opened on the block, and deliveries were made by means of loading the furniture on a wobbly pushcart,  which we carefully pushed through traffic, to the customer's home. We got a nickel each and, perhaps, a tip.

I remember how Nick's thin, dark face lighted up with the joy of the present. He had first thought of it in shool; and the thought of surprise and giving grew in him, and myself, and we were highly excited. When we secretly told our father, he was very pleased. He stroked our heads proudly. "It's a fine idea", he said. "It will make your mother very happy." From his tone, we knew what he was thinking. He had given our mother very little in their life together. She worked all day, cooking and buying, looking after us in illness and stoking the stove in the kitchen with wood and coal to keep us warm in winter. She did her own washing of the family clothes in the bath tub. And she did all these things silently. She did not laugh much, but when she smiled at us it was a beautiful thing-well worth waiting for.

Jamshedji Tata is (a) to be the path-finder of modern industrial builders. He is known as the grand-father of the Indian industry for his acumen and enthusiasm. Nobody else could have (b) of the new industries started by Jamshedji at the time when industrial (c) and revolution was yet to come to India. 

Jamshedji’s father Nasarvanji Tata used to trade in jute with China and Britain. He started (d) from India. Jamshedji started a cloth mill in Nagpur more than hundred years ago. At that time almost all the (e) used to come from Lancashire in England. What Jamshedji (6) was praiseworthy. 

Jamshedji (7) very well that an industrial revolution can only be brought in the country by setting up iron and steel industry. (8) he did not live to see the industry he had in mind, he had done all (9) work. In fact, he laid the ground work for it. He had planned the entire steel city now known as Jamshedpur, complete with streets, roads, schools, parks, play grounds, temples, mosques, churches, etc. His (10) was fulfilled by his sons, Sir Dorabji tata and Sir Rattan Tata, when they started the Tata Iron & Steel Factory in 1907 just after three years of his death.

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िये तथा पूछे गए प्रश्नों के लिए सही उत्तर वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए –

व्यक्ति की पहचान उसकी भाषा से होती है और भाषा संस्कार से बनती है। जिनके जैसे संस्कार होंगे, वैसी ही उसकी भाषा होगी। जब कोई आदमी भाषा बोलता है तो साथ में उसके संस्कार भी बोलते हैं। यही कारण है कि भाषा शिक्षक का दायित्व बहुत गुरोत्तर और चुनौतीपूर्ण है। परम्परागत रूप में शिक्षक की भूमिका इन तीन कौशलों­बोलना, पढ़ना और लिखना तक सीमित कर दी गई है। केवल यांत्रिक कौशल किसी जीती जागती भाषा का उदाहरण नहीं हो सकते है। सोचना और महसूस करना दो ऐसे कारक हैं जिनसे भाषा सही आकार पाती है। इसके बिना भाषा गूँगी एवं बहरी है, इनके बिना भाषा संस्कार नहीं बन सकती, इनके बिना भाषा युगों­युगों का लम्बा सफर नहीं तय कर सकती; इनके बिना कोई भाषा किसी देश या समाज की धड़कन नहीं बन सकती। केवल सम्प्रेषण ही भाषा नहीं है। दर्द और मुस्कान के बिना कोई भाषा जीवन्त नहीं हो सकती। 

Q. कोई भाषा किसके बिना जीवंत नहीं हो सकती? 

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के लिए सबसे उचित विकल्प चुनिए- 

Q. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा उच्च प्राथमिक स्तर पर भाषा शिक्षण का उद्देश्य नहीं है? 

“My god, it speaks” uttered the Emperor of Brazil and the receiver of the Telephone slipped from his hand and banged aground. At the other end Alexander Graham Bell was still on line.

The incident goes back to 1876 when at an exhibition in Philadelphia (USA), Alexander Graham Bell was giving a demonstration of his invention. This strange instrument known as Telephone was to revolutionize life in the years to come. 

Bell was born at Edinborough, Scotland. He was a teacher and, was dedicated to the noble cause of teaching the deaf and the dumb. Due to severe illness, Bell was sent to Canada in 1870, where too he got engaged in helping the dumb-deaf to hear and speak. Thereafter, he shifted to the USA but continued with his work by opening a school for deaf and dumb. 

Bell was fond of scientific inventions and was ever engaged in making some machines in his spare time. While at Boston, he tried to communicate through metal wire. His companion in this work was Watson. One day while experimenting with his instrument, Bell spoke to Watson standing at a distance, Watson was taken by a pleasant surprise as he had heard Bell clearly through his instrument. The instrument was a success and Bell patented it. 

Graham Bell had some sterling qualities of head and heart. Apart from being an artist, he was a kind human being, ready to help the needy. He established an institution for the deaf and dumb children. He died in 1922 in Canada. The entire northern America paid him a tribute by hanging up their telephones for a while during his funeral.

Read the following passage given below and answer the question that follows by choosing the most appropriate option. 

The study of history provides many benefits. First, we learn from the past. We may repeat mistakes, but, at least, we have the opportunity to avoid them. Second, history teaches what questions to ask about the present. Contrary to some people's view, the study of history is not the memorization of names, dates, and places. It is a thoughtful examination of the forces that have shaped the courses of human life. We can examine events from the past and then draw interpretation about current events. History teaches us about likely outcomes. Another benefit of the study of history is the broad range of benefits experience which is covered. War and peace are certainly covered as are national and international affairs. However, matters of culture (art, literature, and music) are also included in historical study. Human nature is an important part of history: emotions like passion, greed, and insecurity have influenced the shaping of world affairs. Anyone who thinks that the study of history is boring has not really studied. 

Q. Which method of teaching history would the author of the passage support? 

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option.

My heart grieved when I read the other day a news item that more than two-thirds of the elderly are being ignored in their twilight years. They are isolated by their own children and are experiencing loneliness in their present lives. Most of them say they are not being respected or given good treatment by their family or society, and they are being discriminated against in their old age. Majority of the elderly attributed their loneliness to no or little interaction with family members. With fast changing socio-economic scenarios, growing nuclear families and changing value systems, the needs of the elderly have also changed. The most common problems that the elderly face are – marginalization, lack of love and affection from their loved ones, little or no access to medicines and healthcare, finding it difficult to secure their life and property. They have no work opportunities as a result of which they face financial problems. They suffer from restricted mobility and have psychological problems on account of loneliness. To improve the situation for the elderly, the Government of India may consider enacting a law like many other countries have, to make it compulsory for children to maintain and look after their parents and also establish the National Commission for Elderly Persons. At the same time, the fact remains that the real compulsion has to come out of the bonds of affection between parents and children. We would not be wrong in saying that in India the joint-family system has made a powerful contribution in cementing the bonds of affection between the old and the young.

Q. What the elderly do not lack ________. 

निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए। 

जिन कर्मों में किसी प्रकार का कष्ट या हानि सहने का साहस अपेक्षित होता है उन सबके प्रति उत्कंठापूर्ण आनंद उत्साह के अन्तर्गत लिया जाता है कष्ट या हानि के भेद के अनुसार उत्साह के भी भेद हो जाते हैं। साहित्य-मीमांसकों ने इसी दृष्टि से युद्धवीर, दानवीर, दयावीर आदि भेद किए हैं इनमें सबसे प्राचीन और प्रधान युद्धवीरता है, जिसमें आघात, पीड़ा या मृत्यु की परवा नहीं रहती इस प्रकार की वीरता का प्रयोजन अत्यंत प्राचीनकाल से पड़ता आ रहा है, जिसमें साहस और प्रयत्न दोनों चरम उत्कर्ष पर पहुँचते हैं पर केवल कष्ट या पीड़ा सहन करने के साहस में ही उत्साह का स्वरूप स्फुरित नहीं होता उसके साथ आन्दपूर्ण प्रयत्न या उसकी उत्कंठा का योग चाहिए। 

Q. साहित्य-मीमांसकों ने वीरता के कौन-कौनसे भेद किए हैं ? 

We all have read the story of two friends and a bear. Once two friends were passing through a (a) forest. All of a sudden, a bear came out of its cave. It began to (b). Both felt terrified. The fair-weather friend ran (c) and climbed up a tall tree. The other laid himself on the ground and (d) to be dead. The bear came and (e) him. He (6) him for dead and went away. Now the fair-weather friend climbed down the tree and said to his friend, “What did the bear (7) into your ears?” He answered that the bear had advised him to (8) of fair-weather friend. They were more dangerous than snakes. A true friend, on the other hand, is the medicine of life. He stands by us in (9) and woe, thick and thin. A true friend (10) his own pleasure and convenience for the sake of his friend.

Column II gives name of material use for device given in column I. Correctly match two columns.