All India CLAT Group

At 3.40, the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock form an angle of:
  • a)
    120°                        
  • b)
    125°
  • c)
    130°                        
  • d)
    135°
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sonam joshi answered  •  1 hour ago
Understanding Clock Angles
To determine the angle between the hour and minute hands of a clock, we can use the following method:
1. Position of the Minute Hand
- The minute hand completes a full circle (360 degrees) in 60 minutes.
- Therefore, each minute corresponds to 6 degrees (360 degrees / 60 minutes).
- At 40 minutes, the minute hand is positioned at:... more

Which aspect of healthcare does the Kerala Health System Improvement Programme particularly emphasize?
  • a)
    The increase of non-communicable diseases
  • b)
    The establishment of a 24/7 emergency response network
  • c)
    The reduction of healthcare funding
  • d)
    The creation of more private healthcare institutions
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The programme emphasizes the establishment of a 24/7 emergency response network, which is crucial for providing timely medical assistance, especially in trauma cases. This network aims to improve emergency and trauma care services across the state, ensuring that patients receive immediate attention when needed. An additional fact is that timely medical response can significantly reduce mortality and morbidity associated with accidents and acute medical conditions, highlighting the importance of such emergency services in any healthcare system.

Which organization is responsible for overseeing conservation efforts in the Ross Sea?
  • a)
    World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
  • b)
    Antarctic Treaty System (ATS)
  • c)
    International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
  • d)
    Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is tasked with overseeing conservation initiatives in the Ross Sea. Established in 1980, CCAMLR focuses on maintaining the integrity of marine life and ecosystems in the region. It implements regulations to protect the unique biodiversity found in Antarctic waters, ensuring that activities like fishing are conducted sustainably to prevent overexploitation. Interestingly, the Ross Sea was designated as a marine protected area, which is a significant step towards global marine conservation efforts.

What is one of the strategic implications of China's new tariffs on U.S. goods?
  • a)
    Strengthening diplomatic ties with Europe
  • b)
    Targeting U.S. sectors heavily reliant on the Chinese market
  • c)
    Reducing the price of Chinese exports
  • d)
    Encouraging U.S. companies to relocate to China
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The strategic implications of China's new tariffs are aimed at affecting U.S. sectors that are heavily reliant on the Chinese market, such as energy and technology. By targeting these sectors, China seeks to exert economic pressure that could influence U.S. policy and negotiations. This reflects a broader strategy often used in trade disputes, where tariffs are employed not just as a means of revenue, but as a tool for negotiation and economic leverage in international relations.

What significant change is OPEC implementing in its monitoring of oil production?
  • a)
    Increasing the number of member countries
  • b)
    Replacing the U.S. Energy Information Administration with new firms
  • c)
    Reducing the overall oil production target
  • d)
    Shifting focus from oil to renewable energy sources
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
OPEC has decided to replace the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) with new monitoring firms to oversee its oil production metrics. This change reflects OPEC's response to geopolitical tensions and the need for reliable data in a fluctuating market. By adapting its monitoring strategies, OPEC aims to enhance its operational efficiency and respond more effectively to global oil dynamics. This transition highlights the organization's commitment to maintaining market stability amid changing geopolitical landscapes.

How does the Ekuverin exercise contribute to regional security concerns?
  • a)
    By enhancing military capabilities and trust between nations
  • b)
    By focusing solely on economic partnerships
  • c)
    By promoting tourism in both countries
  • d)
    By engaging in political discussions only
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Ekuverin exercise contributes to regional security concerns by enhancing military capabilities and building trust between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Force. This collaboration addresses pressing issues such as terrorism and piracy, which are significant threats in the region. Furthermore, the exercise includes training for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, highlighting the commitment of both nations to regional stability and security. Such military exercises not only improve tactical skills but also foster stronger diplomatic ties.

Which of the following genes identified in the study is known for its role in obesity-related tissue enhancement?
  • a)
    CDC5L
  • b)
    TCF7L2
  • c)
    BMI1
  • d)
    FTO
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The gene TCF7L2 has been identified in the study as playing a significant role in enhancing obesity-related tissues. This gene is associated with metabolic processes that can impact body weight and fat distribution. Research into such genes helps to illuminate the biological mechanisms behind obesity and informs targeted interventions that can address both genetic and environmental factors contributing to this health issue.

Which factor has complicated the defense procurement process in India?
  • a)
    Excessive reliance on domestic suppliers.
  • b)
    Centralized decision-making system.
  • c)
    Multiple layers of approval leading to delays.
  • d)
    A streamlined technology transfer process.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The defense procurement process in India is hindered by multiple layers of approval, which, although intended to ensure transparency, often results in inefficiencies and delays. This convoluted process complicates the timely acquisition of essential military equipment, making it challenging for the Indian Armed Forces to maintain operational readiness. Interestingly, many countries have simplified their procurement processes to enhance efficiency and adapt more quickly to emerging threats.

What challenges does the Indian Navy face in its procurement process for new fighter jets?
  • a)
    High reliability of existing aircraft
  • b)
    Simplicity of the procurement process
  • c)
    Financial constraints and shifting defense partnerships
  • d)
    Abundant budget allocation for new technologies
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Indian Navy's procurement process is complicated by financial constraints and shifting defense partnerships, which can lead to delays in acquiring new technologies. The complexity of this process often results in prolonged timelines and challenges in adapting to the latest advancements in military aviation. Additionally, the transition to modern aircraft like the Rafale M is viewed as a temporary measure until the development of the Twin Engine Deck-Based Fighter (TEDBF) is completed by 2031. Understanding these challenges is crucial for strategizing future defense acquisitions and ensuring that the Navy remains equipped with the necessary capabilities.

What was one of the main challenges faced by the implementation of the track and trace system for pharmaceuticals?
  • a)
    Overwhelming support from pharmaceutical companies
  • b)
    Lack of common industry standards
  • c)
    Excessive reduction in production costs
  • d)
    Increased production speed
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
One of the significant challenges in implementing the track and trace system was the lack of common industry standards. This absence led to inconsistencies in how barcoding was applied across different companies, creating operational difficulties. Additionally, concerns about barcode security and increased costs were raised by some pharmaceutical companies, complicating the system’s adoption. A fascinating point is that industry-wide standards are crucial for effective traceability, as they ensure that all parties involved in the supply chain can communicate and operate seamlessly.

Why was the deadline for submitting Caste Validation Certificates extended for students in Maharashtra?
  • a)
    To increase the number of admissions
  • b)
    Due to procedural difficulties in obtaining CVCs
  • c)
    To allow for additional government funding
  • d)
    Because of changes in the reservation policy
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The deadline for submitting Caste Validation Certificates (CVCs) was extended primarily due to procedural difficulties encountered by students in obtaining these certificates. Many individuals faced challenges in gathering the required documentation, which was exacerbated by the recent implementation of the SEBC quota. This situation highlights the importance of administrative support in educational processes, especially when new policies are introduced. An additional fact is that the SEBC Act was enacted to provide a reservation of 10% for the Maratha community in public jobs and higher education, reflecting the government’s efforts to address social inequities.

What is one of the primary benefits of the launch of FEAST in relation to India's space sector?
  • a)
    It increases the competition among private space companies.
  • b)
    It limits access to engineering resources for students.
  • c)
    It provides educational resources that empower students and professionals.
  • d)
    It reduces government funding for space exploration.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The launch of FEAST brings significant educational resources that empower both students and professionals in the engineering field. This initiative enhances learning opportunities and practical knowledge, which are vital for the advancement of India's capabilities in space exploration. An interesting fact is that increased educational resources can lead to a more skilled workforce, which is essential for innovative breakthroughs in technology and engineering.

What is the primary purpose of the Finite Element Analysis Software FEAST developed by ISRO?
  • a)
    To enhance the design of foreign spacecraft
  • b)
    To predict how structures respond to various forces
  • c)
    To replace existing engineering software in universities
  • d)
    To facilitate international collaborations in space research
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The primary purpose of FEAST is to predict how structures respond to various forces, such as stress and temperature changes. This capability is crucial for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of engineering designs, particularly in significant ISRO projects like the Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight Mission. An interesting fact about FEAST is that it serves as a cost-effective alternative to foreign software, empowering students and researchers in India to conduct advanced analyses without financial barriers.

What is the primary purpose of the Iskander-1000 missile developed by Russia?
  • a)
    To enhance Russia's naval capabilities
  • b)
    To improve tactical ballistic missile technology and strike capabilities
  • c)
    To serve as a reconnaissance tool for military operations
  • d)
    To replace nuclear weapons in Russia's arsenal
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Iskander-1000 missile is primarily designed to enhance Russia's tactical ballistic missile technology and strike capabilities, particularly in Western Ukraine. Its development comes in response to the collapse of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, allowing Russia to expand its missile range and target NATO assets effectively. This advancement underscores the strategic shift in military technology within the region.

What percentage of worldwide astronomical observations is currently attributed to the Atacama Desert, and what is the expected percentage for the next decade?
  • a)
    20% currently, 50% expected
  • b)
    30% currently, 70% expected
  • c)
    40% currently, 60% expected
  • d)
    50% currently, 80% expected
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Atacama Desert is currently responsible for nearly 40% of global astronomical observations and is expected to increase this contribution to 60% within the next decade. This region’s unique atmospheric conditions, including minimal light pollution and low humidity, make it an ideal location for advanced telescopes and astronomical research. The increasing reliance on the Atacama Desert reflects the growing importance of ground-based astronomy in uncovering cosmic mysteries.

What is the primary concern regarding the INNA Project in relation to the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)?
  • a)
    It will increase light pollution in the Atacama Desert.
  • b)
    It will enhance energy production for astronomical research.
  • c)
    It poses risks to the observatory's operations due to its proximity.
  • d)
    It will provide funding for further astronomical studies.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The INNA Project is expected to disrupt the operations of the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) because of its close proximity to the observatory. The ELT, which is a significant investment in astronomical research, relies on the pristine conditions of the Atacama Desert, known for minimal light pollution and high altitude. Any large-scale energy infrastructure project could potentially introduce new sources of light and pollution, which would interfere with the telescope's observations. Interestingly, the ELT, with its advanced technology, is designed to observe celestial phenomena in unprecedented detail, making its operational environment crucial for its success.

What is the primary goal of the Kerala Health System Improvement Programme?
  • a)
    To decrease the number of hospitals in Kerala
  • b)
    To enhance life expectancy and overall quality of life in Kerala
  • c)
    To increase the number of communicable diseases
  • d)
    To focus solely on urban healthcare facilities
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Kerala Health System Improvement Programme is designed to enhance life expectancy and overall quality of life for the residents of Kerala. This initiative is particularly focused on improving healthcare standards, addressing critical health issues, and ensuring access to comprehensive healthcare services for all communities, especially those that are underprivileged. An interesting fact is that Kerala is known for its high health indicators, including a high life expectancy, which is comparable to many developed nations, making this programme even more significant in maintaining and improving these standards.

What is a significant ecological feature of the Ross Sea?
  • a)
    It has the largest coral reef system in the world.
  • b)
    It contains the largest colony of emperor penguins.
  • c)
    It is home to the world's deepest ocean trench.
  • d)
    It experiences the highest ocean temperatures globally.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Ross Sea is notable for housing the largest colony of emperor penguins worldwide, making it a critical area for biodiversity. Emperor penguins are unique as they are the only penguin species that breed during the harsh Antarctic winter. This adaptation is essential for their survival and contributes to the ecological significance of the Ross Sea, as it supports various marine life that relies on the penguins and their habitat.

What economic action did China take in response to recent tariff increases imposed by the United States?
  • a)
    Implemented a 5% tariff on luxury goods
  • b)
    Increased exports of crude oil to the U.S.
  • c)
    Removed all tariffs on agricultural products
  • d)
    Introduced a 15% tariff on coal and liquefied natural gas
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
China implemented a 15% tariff on coal and liquefied natural gas as a countermeasure to the recent tariff increases by the U.S. This action highlights the ongoing trade tensions and reflects China's strategy to protect its economic interests while responding to perceived unfair trade practices. Such tariffs aim to impact sectors in the U.S. that rely significantly on trade with China, illustrating the interconnected nature of global trade relations.

What is the main objective of OPEC as an organization?
  • a)
    To decrease the global demand for oil
  • b)
    To regulate oil production and promote market stability
  • c)
    To diversify the energy sources of member countries
  • d)
    To increase the price of natural gas globally
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
OPEC's primary objective is to regulate oil production among its member countries to ensure stable prices and supply in the global market. By coordinating policies, OPEC aims to prevent excessive price fluctuations that can harm both producers and consumers. This organization plays a significant role in the global economy, influencing oil prices and market stability since its establishment in 1960.

What is the primary objective of the Ekuverin military exercise between India and the Maldives?
  • a)
    To engage in naval warfare simulations
  • b)
    To enhance interoperability and tactical proficiency
  • c)
    To conduct joint humanitarian missions in other countries
  • d)
    To improve logistics and supply chain management
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The primary objective of the Ekuverin military exercise is to enhance interoperability and tactical proficiency, particularly in counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency operations. This joint exercise allows the forces from both nations to work together effectively, improving their ability to coordinate during various operations. Notably, Ekuverin translates to "friends" in the Dhivehi language, underscoring the friendship and cooperation between the two nations.

What is the main finding of the research conducted by the School of Biotechnology at Jawaharlal Nehru University regarding childhood obesity?
  • a)
    Socioeconomic status has no impact on genetic predispositions to obesity.
  • b)
    Higher socioeconomic status is linked to lower obesity rates in children.
  • c)
    Socioeconomic factors can modify genetic vulnerability to obesity in children.
  • d)
    Genetic predispositions are the sole cause of childhood obesity.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The research indicates that socioeconomic factors can indeed modify genetic susceptibility to obesity in children. This means that even if children share similar genetic risks for obesity, those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds may experience higher obesity rates due to various environmental and social influences. Understanding this interplay is crucial for developing effective obesity prevention strategies tailored to different demographic groups.

What is one of the significant advantages of the Rafale-M compared to the MiG-29K for the Indian Navy?
  • a)
    It features a fixed delta wing design that enhances performance.
  • b)
    It has a higher maintenance requirement.
  • c)
    It is primarily designed for ground attack missions.
  • d)
    It is based on a Russian design.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Rafale-M's fixed delta wing design significantly enhances its performance, particularly in carrier operations. This design allows for improved aerodynamics and stability during various flight conditions, making it more versatile and effective for naval aviation. In contrast, the MiG-29K, while capable, has faced operational reliability issues, making the Rafale-M a more attractive option for the Indian Navy’s strategic needs.

What is the primary reason for the Indian Navy's selection of the Dassault Rafale M fighter jet?
  • a)
    To replace the older MiG-29K due to its agility
  • b)
    To enhance carrier-based air power with advanced technology
  • c)
    To maintain the existing fleet without changes
  • d)
    To comply with international naval regulations
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The Indian Navy opted for the Dassault Rafale M to enhance its carrier-based air power, focusing on advanced technology and operational efficiency. This choice indicates a strategic commitment to modernizing naval aviation capabilities. The Rafale M is designed specifically for aircraft carrier operations, which aligns with the Navy's goals for improved performance and effectiveness in maritime defense. Additionally, as military technology rapidly evolves, investing in advanced aircraft ensures that the Navy remains competitive and capable in various operational scenarios.

What significant change was announced by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) regarding pharmaceutical exports as of February 1, 2025?
  • a)
    Introduction of new barcoding requirements for primary packaging
  • b)
    Withdrawal of the track and trace system for pharmaceuticals
  • c)
    Implementation of stricter regulations for counterfeit drugs
  • d)
    Expansion of the track and trace system to include domestic sales
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The DGFT announced the withdrawal of the track and trace system for pharmaceuticals, a decision aimed at simplifying regulatory compliance for exporters while still ensuring product traceability. This change aligns with the serialization standards of most export destinations, which helps facilitate international trade in pharmaceuticals. An interesting fact is that the track and trace system was initially introduced to combat counterfeit drugs, highlighting the ongoing challenges in maintaining the integrity of the pharmaceutical supply chain.

What is the new deadline for submitting Caste Validation Certificates (CVCs) for students admitted under the SEBC and OBC quotas in Maharashtra?
  • a)
    January 2025
  • b)
    February 2025
  • c)
    April 2025
  • d)
    June 2025
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Crafty Classes answered  •  6 hours ago
The new deadline for submitting Caste Validation Certificates (CVCs) for students under the SEBC and OBC quotas in Maharashtra is April 2025. This extension was granted to accommodate students who faced challenges in obtaining the necessary documentation. The significance of this deadline lies in the potential impact on students’ admissions, as failure to submit the CVC by this date may result in the loss of their admission status. An interesting fact is that the SEBC quota was established to address the educational and economic disparities faced by the Maratha community, which constitutes a significant portion of Maharashtra's population.

Which of the following Acts formally introduced the principle of election for the first time?
  • a)
    The Indian Councils Act, 1909
  • b)
    Government of India Act, 1919
  • c)
    The Government of India Act, 1935
  • d)
    India’s Independence Act, 1947
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sumedha Gupta answered  •  7 hours ago
Introduction to the Indian Councils Act, 1909
The Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, was a significant legislative measure that marked the first formal introduction of the principle of electoral representation in India.
Key Features of the Act
- Introduction of Elections: For the first time, the Act allowed for the election of c
... more

Students of the factors governing reading development in young children have achieved remarkable degree of consensus over the past two decades. This consensus concerns the casual role of phonological skills in young children’s reading progress. Children, who have good phonological skills, or good “phonological awareness”, become good readers and good spellers. Children with poor phonological skills progress more poorly. In particular, those who have a specific phonological deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the time that they are 9 or 10 years old.
Phonological skills in young children can be measured at a number of different levels. The term phonological awareness is a global one, and refers to a deficit in recognising smaller units of should within spoken words. Development work has shown that this deficit can be at the level of syllables, of onsets and rimes, or of phonemes. For example, a 4-year old child might have difficulty in recognizing that a word like valentine has three syllables, suggesting a lack of syllabic awareness. A 5-year old might have difficulty in recognizing that the odd word out in the set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is fan, this task requires an awareness of the sub-syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset corresponds to any initial consonants in a syllable, and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyms in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs from the rime in cat, hat and mat. In longer words, rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val: en: tine are /v/ and /t/, and the rimes correspond to the spelling patterns ‘al’, ‘en’, and ‘ine’.
A 6-year old might have difficulty in recognizing that plea and pray being with the same initial sound. This is a phonemic judgement. Although the initial phoneme /P/ is shared between the two words, in plea it is part of ht onset ‘pl’, and in pray it is part of the onset ‘pr’. Until children can segment the onset (or the time), such phonemic judgements are difficult for them to make. In fact, a recent survey of different developmental studies has shown that the different levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and rimes appears to emerge at around the ages of 3 and 4, long before most children go to school. The awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, usually emerges at around the age of 5 or 6, when children have been taught to read for about a year. An awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be a precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of phonemes at every serial position in a word, only appears to develop as reading is taught. The onset-rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure, however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g. sea, go, zoo).
The early availability of onsets and rimes is supported by studies that have compared the development of phonological awareness of onsets, rimes and phonemes in the same subjects using the same phonological awareness tasks. For example, a study by Treiman and Zudowski used a same different judgement task based on the beginning or the end sound of words. In the beginning sound task, the words either began with the same onset, as in plea and plank, or shred only the initial phoneme, as in plea and pray. In the end sound task, the words either shared the entire rime, as in spit and wit, or shred only the final phoneme, s in rat and wit Treiman and Zudowski showed that 4 and 5 year old children found the onset-rime version of the same different task significantly easier than the version based on phonemes. Only the 6-year olds, who had been learning to read for a year, were able to perform both versions of the tasks with equal levels of success.
Q.
Which one of the following is likely to emerge last in the cognitive development of a child?
... more

Crafty Classes answered  •  yesterday
  • In the cognitive development of a child, the awareness of phonemes typically emerges last.
  • Phonological skills develop sequentially, with syllables, onsets, and rimes emerging around ages 3 and 4.
  • Phonemic awareness, however, usually develops around ages 5 or 6, after children start learning to read.
Therefore,Correct Answer- Option A

Improvement in efficiency and productivity has to be the key …….. of policy in respect of both the public and the private sectors in the Five Years Plans.
  • a)
    ingredient
  • b)
    purpose
  • c)
    role
  • d)
    platform
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sarika jain answered  •  yesterday
Understanding the Context
In the given sentence, the focus is on enhancing efficiency and productivity as part of policy frameworks within Five Year Plans. The options provided aim to identify the best term that reflects this emphasis.
Why "Ingredient" is the Correct Answer
- Significance of "Ingredient"
The term "ingredient" implies that efficiency and p
... more

A man of lax moral character
  • a)
    pirate
  • b)
    ruffian
  • c)
    vagabond
  • d)
    licentious
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Sara joshi answered  •  yesterday
Understanding the Term "Licentious"
The correct answer to the phrase "A man of lax moral character" is option 'D', which is "licentious." Here’s a detailed explanation of why this is the case:
Definition of Licentious
- Licentious refers to a person who is morally unrestrained, especially in sexual conduct. It implies a disregard for rules or conventions, partic
... more
Juhi Choudhary asked a question

Direction: Read the following paragraph carefully and answer the question given below:
During the economic boom of the Roaring Twenties, the traditional values of rural America were challenged by the Jazz Age. The average American was busy buying automobiles and household appliances, and speculating in the stock market, where big money could be made. Those appliances were bought on credit, however. Although businesses have made huge gains — 65 percent — from the mechanization of manufacturing, the average worker’s wages had only increased 8 percent.
The imbalance between the rich and the poor, with 0.1 percent of society earning the same total income as 42 percent, combined with production of more and more goods and rising personal debt, could not be sustained. On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression, the worst economic collapse in the history of the modern industrial world. It spread from the United States to the rest of the world, lasting from the end of 1929 until the early 1940s. With banks failing and businesses closing, more than 15 million Americans (one-quarter of the workforce) became unemployed.
President Herbert Hoover, underestimating the seriousness of the crisis, called it ‘a passing incident in our national lives,’ and assured Americans that it would be over in 60 days. A strong believer in rugged individualism, Hoover did not think the federal government should offer relief to the poverty-stricken population. Focusing on a trickle-down economic program to help finance businesses and banks, Hoover met with resistance from business executives who preferred to lay off workers. Blamed by many for the Great Depression, Hoover was widely ridiculed: an empty pocket turned inside out was called a ‘Hoover flag;’ the decrepit shantytowns springing up around the country were called ‘Hoovervilles.’
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the rich governor from New York, offered Americans a New Deal, and was elected in a landslide victory in 1932. He took quick action to attack the Depression, declaring a four-day bank holiday, during which Congress passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act to stabilize the banking system. During the first 100 days of his administration, Roosevelt laid the groundwork for his New Deal remedies that would rescue the country from the depths of despair.
The New Deal programs created a liberal political alliance of labor unions, blacks and other minorities, some farmers and others receiving government relief, and intellectuals. The hardship brought on by the Depression affected Americans deeply. Since the prevailing attitude of the 1920s was that success was earned, it followed that failure was deserved. The unemployment brought on by the Depression caused self-blame and self-doubt. Men were harder hit psychologically than women were. Since men were expected to provide for their families, it was humiliating to have to ask for assistance. Although some argued that women should not be given jobs when many men were unemployed, the percentage of women working increased slightly during the Depression. Traditionally female fields of teaching and social services grew under New Deal programs. Children took on more responsibilities, sometimes finding work when their parents could not. As a result of living through the Depression, some people developed habits of careful saving and frugality, others determined to create a comfortable life for themselves.
African Americans suffered more than whites, since their jobs were often taken away from them and given to whites. In 1930, 50 percent of blacks were unemployed. However, Eleanor Roosevelt championed black rights, and New Deal programs prohibited discrimination. Discrimination continued in the South, however, as a result a large number of black voters switched from the Republican to the Democrat party during the Depression.
The Great Depression and the New Deal changed forever the relationship between Americans and their government. Government involvement and responsibility in caring for the needy and regulating the economy came to be expected.
Which of the following sections of the American society were most affected by the Great Depression?
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Umesh Malewar asked a question

Directions (Q. 1 - 5): Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases have been given in bold to help locate them while answering some of the questions.
Students of the factors governing reading development in young children have achieved remarkable degree of consensus over the past two decades. This consensus concerns the casual role of phonological skills in young children’s reading progress. Children, who have good phonological skills, or good “phonological awareness”, become good readers and good spellers. Children with poor phonological skills progress more poorly. In particular, those who have a specific phonological deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the time that they are 9 or 10 years old.
            Phonological skills in young children can be measured at a number of different levels. The term phonological awareness is a global one, and refers to a deficit in recognising smaller units of should within spoken words. Development work has shown that this deficit can be at the level of syllables, of onsets and rimes, or of phonemes. For example, a 4-year old child might have difficulty in recognizing that a word like valentine has three syllables, suggesting a lack of syllabic awareness. A 5-year old might have difficulty in recognizing that the odd word out in the set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is fan, this task requires an awareness of the sub-syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset corresponds to any initial consonants in a syllable, and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyms in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs from the rime in cat, hat and mat. In longer words, rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val: en: tine are /v/and/t/, and the rimes correspond to the spelling patterns ‘al’, ‘en’, and ‘ine’.
            A 6-year old might have difficulty in recognizing that plea and pray being with the same initial sound. This is a phonemic judgement. Although the initial phoneme /P/ is shared between the two words, in plea it is part of ht onset ‘pl’, and in pray it is part of the onset ‘pr’. Until children can segment the onset (or the time), such phonemic judgements are difficult for them to make. In fact, a recent survey of different developmental studies has shown that the different levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and rimes appears to emerge at around the ages of 3 and 4, long before most children go to school. The awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, usually emerges at around the age of 5 or 6, when children have been taught to read for about a year. An awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be a precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of phonemes at every serial position in a word, only appears to develop as reading is taught. The onset-rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure, however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g. sea, go, zoo).
            The early availability of onsets and rimes is supported by studies that have compared the development of phonological awareness of onsets, rimes and phonemes in the same subjects using the same phonological awareness tasks. For example, a study by Treiman and Zudowski used a same different judgement task based on the beginning or the end sound of words. In the beginning sound task, the words either began with the same onset, as in plea and plank, or shred only the initial phoneme, as in plea and pray. In the end sound task, the words either shared the entire rime, as in spit and wit, or shred only the final phoneme, s in rat and wit Treiman and Zudowski showed that 4 and 5 year old children found the onset-rime version of the same different task significantly easier than the version based on phonemes. Only the 6-year olds, who had been learning to read for a year, were able to perform both versions of the tasks with equal levels of success.
Q.
From the following statements, pick out the true statement according to the passage
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