All India CA Foundation Group

Mohan purchased a machinery amounting Rs. 10,00,000 on 1st April, 2001. On 31st March, 2011, similar machinery could be purchased for Rs. 20,00,000 but the realizable value of the machinery (purchased on 1.4.2001) was estimated at Rs. 15,00,000. The present discounted value of the future net cash inflows that the machinery was expected to generate in the normal course of business, was calculated as Rs. 12,00,000.

Q. The current cost of the machinery is:
... more

Deepika Desai answered  •  55 minutes ago
Understanding Current Cost of Machinery
Mohan purchased a machinery for Rs. 10,00,000 in 2001. To determine the current cost of the machinery in 2011, we need to evaluate the information provided.
Key Information
- Original Purchase Price: Rs. 10,00,000 (1st April 2001)
- Cost of Similar Machinery (2011): Rs. 20,00,000
- Realizable Value of E
... more Rs. 15,00,000
- Present Discounted Value of Future Net Cash Inflows: Rs. 12,00,000
Analysis of Current Cost
The current cost of the machinery is determined by assessing the replacement cost, which is the cost to acquire a similar asset at current market prices. The significant factors for consideration include:
- Replacement Cost: The cost of a similar machinery in 2011 is Rs. 20,00,000. This indicates that, in today's market, this is the amount required to replace the machinery.
- Realizable Value: The estimated realizable value of Rs. 15,00,000 is lower than the replacement cost, showing that the current market value does not reflect the price of similar machinery.
- Future Cash Inflows: The present discounted value of Rs. 12,00,000 suggests potential future earnings but does not directly indicate the current cost.
Conclusion
Given that the replacement cost of similar machinery is Rs. 20,00,000, this figure represents the current cost necessary to replace the asset. Therefore, the correct answer is:
Current Cost of Machinery: Rs. 20,00,000 (Option B).

Study of the problem of poverty denotes that economics is—
  • a)
    both a science and an art
  • b)
    an art
  • c)
    a science
  • d)
    neither a science nor an art
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Ghoshal answered  •  yesterday
Understanding Economics as Both a Science and an Art
The statement that economics is both a science and an art arises from the multifaceted nature of the discipline. Here’s a detailed exploration of why this is the correct perspective:
1. Economics as a Science
- Empirical Foundations: Economics employs scientific methods to analyze data, test hypotheses, and de
... more

Which of the following statements is true?
  • a)
    A debenture holder is an owner of the company 
  • b)
    A debenture holder can get his money back only on the liquidation of the company 
  • c)
    A debenture issued at a discount can be redeemed at a premium 
  • d)
    A debenture holder receives interest only in the event of profits 
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Devanshi Rane answered  •  2 days ago
Understanding Debentures
Debentures are a type of debt instrument that companies use to raise capital. They are essentially loans made by investors to the company, and in return, the company promises to pay interest and return the principal amount at maturity.
Explanation of the Correct Answer - Option C
The correct answer is option 'C': "A debenture issued at a discou
... more

If the ratio between Laspeyre’s index number Paasche’s Index number is 28 : 27. Then the Missing figure in the following table P is :
  • a)
    7
  • b)
    4
  • c)
    3
  • d)
    9
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  3 days ago
Let L = base year price (same for both commodities)
Laspeyre’s Index (LPI):
LPI = [(2 × 10) + (P × 5)] / [L × 10 + L × 5] × 100
⇒ LPI = (20 + 5P) / (15L) × 100
Paasche’s Index (PPI):
PPI = [(2 × 5) + (P × 2)] / [L × 5 + L × 2] × 100
⇒ PPI = (10 + 2P) / (7L) × 100
Given: LPI / PPI = 28 / 27
Substitute values:
[(20 + 5P)/15L] ÷ [(10 + 2P)/7L] = 28/27
⇒ (20 + 5P)/15 × 7/(10 + 2P) = 28/27
Cross-multiply:
(20 + 5P) × 7 × 27 = 15 × (10 + 2P) × 28
Left: 189 × (20 + 5P) = 3780 + 945P
Right: 15 × 28 × (10 + 2P) = 4200 + 840P
Now, equate both sides:
3780 + 945P = 4200 + 840P
105P = 420 → P = 4
Final Answer: b) 4

A’s mother is sister of B and she has a daughter C, who is 21 years old. How is B related to C?
(a) Uncle
(b) Maternal Uncle
(c) Niece
(d) Daughter?

Vaishnavi Joshi answered  •  6 days ago
Understanding Relationships
To determine how B is related to C, let's break down the relationships mentioned in the scenario.
Family Dynamics
- A’s mother is the sister of B. This means B is A's maternal uncle or aunt (since the gender of B isn't specified).
- A has a daughter named C, who is 21 years old.
Analyzing B's Relation to C
- Given that
... more

Public goods are characterized by:
(a) Excludability and rivalry
(b) Excludability and non-rivalry
(c) Non-excludability and rivalry
(d) Non-excludability and non-rivalry?

Mrinalini Iyer answered  •  1 week ago
Definition of Public Goods
Public goods are essential resources provided to the public without direct payment. They are characterized by two main features: non-excludability and non-rivalry.
Key Characteristics
  • Non-excludability: It is not possible to prevent individuals from using the good. Once the good is available, everyone can access it, regardless ... more
  • Non-rivalry: One person's use of the good does not diminish its availability for others. Multiple individuals can benefit simultaneously without affecting each other's consumption.

Examples of Public Goods
  • National Defense: Protects all citizens without excluding anyone from its benefits.
  • Public Parks: Accessible to everyone, and one person's enjoyment does not reduce the experience for others.
  • Street Lighting: Provides illumination for all pedestrians and drivers without exclusion or rivalry.

Importance of Public Goods
  • Social Welfare: They enhance overall well-being by providing essential services that contribute to quality of life.
  • Market Failure: Private markets often underprovide public goods due to the free-rider problem, necessitating government intervention.
  • Equity: Ensure that all individuals, regardless of income, have access to vital resources.

In summary, the correct answer to the characteristics of public goods is (d) Non-excludability and non-rivalry. These traits make public goods fundamental to the functioning of society and the economy.

Which type of investment is more influenced by government regulations and
policies?
(a) FDI
(b) FPI
(c) Both FDI and FPI equally
(d) Neither FDI nor FPI?

Vaishnavi Gupta answered  •  1 week ago
Influence of Government Regulations on Investments
When comparing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI), it is clear that FDI is more influenced by government regulations and policies.
Understanding FDI and FPI
- FDI refers to investments made by a company or individual in one country in business interests in another country, typically
... more

Which type of investment is more influenced by government regulations and policies? (a) FDI (b) FPI (c) Both FDI and FPI equally (d) Neither FDI nor FPI?

Disha Joshi answered  •  1 week ago
Understanding FDI and FPI
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) are two primary forms of investment that differ significantly in their nature and influence by government regulations.
Impact of Government Regulations on FDI
- FDI involves substantial investment in physical assets or businesses in a foreign country.
- Governments oft
... more

If a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is greater than its Gross National
Product (GNP), it implies that the country:
(a) Is a net exporter.
(b) Is a net importer.
(c) Has a trade surplus
(d
... more

Ruchi Mishra answered  •  1 week ago
Understanding GDP and GNP
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders, regardless of whether the production is carried out by domestic or foreign entities. In contrast, Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total income earned by a nation's residents, including income earned abroad, minus income earned by forei
... more

If a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is greater than its Gross National Product (GNP), it implies that the country: (a) Is a net exporter. (b) Is a net importer. (c) Has a trade surplus (d) Has a trade deficit?

Ankita Mukherjee answered  •  1 week ago
Understanding GDP and GNP
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total economic output within a country's borders, while Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total economic output produced by the residents of a country, regardless of where the production occurs. The relationship between GDP and GNP provides insights into a country's economic activities.
Implication of G
... more
When a country's GDP is greater than its GNP, it indicates that the country is producing more within its borders than its residents are earning from their investments abroad. This situation typically implies that the country:
Is a Net Importer
- The difference between GDP and GNP suggests that the country has significant foreign investments or operations, leading to higher output domestically.
- Residents of the country are possibly earning less from foreign investments than foreign entities are earning from investments within the country.
Trade Deficit Indicator
- A GDP greater than GNP often signifies a trade deficit, where the value of imports exceeds the value of exports.
- This could mean that the country relies heavily on foreign goods and services to meet domestic demand.
Conclusion
In summary, when a country's GDP exceeds its GNP, it typically indicates that the country is a net importer and may have a trade deficit. Understanding this relationship is crucial for analyzing a country's economic health and its position in the global market.

If a company makes bonus issue at 2:3 then it means
  • a)
    For every two shares three bonus shares will be allotted
  • b)
    For every three shares two bonus shares will be allotted
  • c)
    For every Eve shares three bonus shares will be allotted
  • d)
    For every five shares two bonus shares will be allotted
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Niharika Datta answered  •  2 weeks ago
Understanding Bonus Issues
A bonus issue, also known as a scrip issue or capitalization issue, refers to a company issuing additional shares to its current shareholders without any cost. This generally happens when a company wants to reward its shareholders by distributing profits without actually paying cash.
Bonus Issue Ratio Explained
When a company announces a bonu
... more

Out of 2000 employees in an office 48% is preferred coffee 54% is like tea and the 64% is used to smoke out of the total 28% is used coffee and tea 32% is used t and smoke and 30% is preferred coffee and smoke and 6% did none... more

Lakshmi Kumar answered  •  2 weeks ago
Understanding the Problem
To solve the problem, we need to analyze the preferences of the employees regarding coffee, tea, and smoking. We have the following data:
- Total employees: 2000
- Coffee preference: 48% (960 employees)
- Tea preference: 54% (1080 employees)
- Smoking preference: 64% (1280 employees)
- Coffee and tea: 28% (560 employees)
- Tea and
... more

Given below are the date on prices of some consumer goods and the weights attached to the various items Compute price index number for the year 1985 (Base 1984 = 100)
 
Q. Then weighted average of price Relative Index is : 
  • a)
    125.43
  • b)
    123.3
  • c)
    124.53
  • d)
    124.52
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
Objective:
Calculate the CPI for 1985 using the weighted average of price relatives method.
  • Base year (1984) CPI = 100
  • Weights are given for each item.
... more

Q.14 A man purchased a house valued at Rs. 300000. He paid Rs. 200000 at the time of purchase and agreed to pay the balance with interest at 12% per annum compounded half yearly in 20 equal half yearly instalments. If the first instalment is paid after six months form the date of purchase then the amount of each instalment is[Given log 10.6 = 1.0253 and log 31.19 = 1.494]
  • a)
    Rs. 8719.66
  • b)
    Rs. 8769.21
  • c)
    Rs. 7893.13
  • d)
    None of these.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
Step 1: Use the installment formula (ordinary annuity)
The formula is:
P = A × [(1 - (1 + i)-n) ÷ i]
Where:
  • P = Rs. 100,000
  • i = 0.06
  • n = 20
... more

Which of the following elasticity of demand measures a movement along the demand curve rather than a shift in the curve?
  • a)
    Income elasticity of demand 
  • b)
    Price elasticity of demand 
  • c)
    Substitution elasticity of demand 
  • d)
    None of these.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
The correct answer is:
b) Price elasticity of demand
Explanation:
  • Price elasticity of demand measures the percentage change in quantity demanded due to a percentage change in price. This involves a movement along the demand curve (e.g., when price falls, quantity demanded rises, and vice versa).
Why Not the Others?
  • a) Income elasticity of demand: Measures how demand changes with income, causing a shift in the demand curve (not movement along it).
  • c) Substitution elasticity of demand: Refers to how demand for a good changes when the price of a substitute good changes, also leading to a shift in the demand curve.
Key Distinction:
  • Movement along the curve = Price changes (Price Elasticity).
  • Shift of the curve = Non-price factors (Income, Substitutes, Preferences).
Answer: (b) Price elasticity of demand

If the Simple Interest on Rs.1,400 for 3 years is less than the simple interest on Rs.1,800 for the same period by Rs.80, then the rate of interest is 
  • a)
    5.67%
  • b)
    6.67%
  • c)
    7.20%
  • d)
    5.00%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
Step 1: Use the Simple Interest Formula
Simple Interest (SI) = (P × R × T) ÷ 100
We are given that the difference in SI is Rs. 80. So:
SI on P2 - SI on P1 = 80
... more

What principle will amount to Rs.370 in 6 years at 8% p.a. at simple interest?
  • a)
    Rs.210
  • b)
    Rs.250
  • c)
    Rs.310
  • d)
    Rs.350
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
Step 1: Use the Simple Interest Formula
The formula is:
A = P + SI
And,
SI = (P × R × T) ÷ 100
... more

Division of Rs. 750 into 3 parts in the ratio 4:5:6 is 
  • a)
    (200, 250, 300) 
  • b)
    (250, 250, 250)
  • c)
    (350, 250, 150) 
  • d)
    none of these 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Qudrat Chauhan answered  •  2 weeks ago
Step 1: Set up the equation
The sum of the parts in the ratio is:
4x + 5x + 6x = 750
Combine the terms:
15x = 750
Step 2: Solve for x
Divide both sides by 15:
x = 750 / 15 = 50
Step 3: Calculate each part
  • First part: 4x = 4 × 50 = 200
  • Second part: 5x = 5 × 50 = 250
  • Third part: 6x = 6 × 50 = 300
So, the three parts are Rs. 200, Rs. 250, and Rs. 300.
Step 4: Verify the total
200 + 250 + 300 = 750, which matches the given total.
Step 5: Check the ratio
The ratio of the parts 200:250:300 simplifies to:
200 / 50 = 4, 250 / 50 = 5, 300 / 50 = 6, which is indeed 4:5:6.
Step 6: Match with the options
  • a) (200, 250, 300): Matches our result exactly.
  • b) (250, 250, 250): This is a 1:1:1 ratio, not 4:5:6, and incorrect.
  • c) (350, 250, 150): This does not match the ratio 4:5:6 (350:250:150 simplifies to 7:5:3), and the total is 350 + 250 + 150 = 750, but the ratio is wrong.
  • d) none of these: Since option (a) matches, this is incorrect.
Final Answer:
The division of Rs. 750 into 3 parts in the ratio 4:5:6 is (200, 250, 300).
Correct Option: a)
Jyoti Nair asked a question

Each of the 10 persons namely A, Q, R, Z, M, N, P, B, K and L are wearing a shirt. The colour of each shirt is one out of blue, green and red. There are ten chairs placed in a row. The chairs are consecutively numbered 1, 2, 3, 4...9 and 10 from left to right in that order. These ten persons have to sit on the chairs such that there is only one person in each chair. The number of persons wearing a green and a blue shirt is 2 and 3 respectively.
Additional Information:
1. No two persons wearing blue shirts sit on consecutively numbered chairs.
2. Among the persons wearing red shirts, exactly three persons always are sitting together while the remaining two never.
3. A person wearing a blue shirt and a person wearing a green shirt never is sitting on consecutively numbered chairs.
4. A person wearing a green shirt cannot sit on chairs numbered 2 or 9.
5. Persons wearing red shirts are not sitting at extreme ends.
The following table provides information about the six different seating arrangements namely I, II, III, IV, V and VI of the ten persons done by Mr. Crazy. He observed that out of all the seating arrangements done by him, there is one arrangement that is not consistent with the information stated under "Additional Information".
Q. Which of the arrangements done by Mr. Crazy is not consistent with the information stated under "Additional Information"?
... more

Fetching relevant content for you