It is a twelve volume compendium of songs or hymns in praise of Shiva in the Tamil language from the 6th to the 11th century by various South India poets.
The President acquires the following powers when the President’s Rule is imposed in a state -
1. He can take up the functions of the state government and powers vested in the governor or any other executive authority in the state.
2. He can declare that the powers of the state legislature are to be exercised by the Parliament.
3. He can take all other necessary steps including the suspension of the constitutional provisions relating to anybody or authority in the state. The President dismisses the state council of ministers headed by the chief minister. The state governor, on behalf of the President, carries on the state administration with the help of the chief secretary of the state or the advisors appointed by the President. This is the reason why a proclamation under Article 356 is popularly known as the imposition of ‘President’s Rule’ in a state. Further, the President either suspended or dissolved the state legislative assembly. In case of dissolution fresh elections are held for the state assembly. The Parliament passes the state legislative bills and the state budget. When the state legislature is thus suspended or dissolved -
1. The Parliament can delegate the power to make laws for the state to the President or to any other authority specified by him in this regard.
2. The Parliament or in case of delegation, the President or any other specified authority can make laws conferring powers and imposing duties on the Centre or its officers and authorities, the President can authorize, when the Lok Sabha is not in session, expenditure from the state consolidated fund pending its sanction by the Parliament.
3. The President can promulgate, when the Parliament is not in session, ordinances for the governance of the state. A law made by the Parliament or president or any other specified authority continues to be operative even after the President’s Rule. This means that the period for which such a law remains in force is not co-terminus with the duration of the proclamation. But it can be repealed or altered or re-enacted by the state legislature. It should be noted here that the President cannot assume to himself the powers vested in the concerned state high court or suspend the provisions of the Constitution relating to it. In other words, the constitutional position, status, powers and functions of the concerned state high court remain the same even during the President’s Rule.
the locations and photographs of gold jewelry found at Harappan sites, so Second statement is wrong. Indus Valley people also knew gold and silver also. This eliminates B and D. and we are left with "A" or "D" in both cases. In the third statement, the ending part is: there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having been aware of horse. • If we go by the history books written by Krishna Reddy or RS Sharma- atleast in the post-urban Indus places some people would be aware of Horse. Hence answer C. • If we go by Tamilnadu Class 11, A.L.Basham, Upinder Singh, answer is "A" because Indus Valley people's knowledge of horse is inconclusive or debatable. • Final answer can be arrived only when UPSC will declare the official Answerkey.
Explanation : The evidence that it functioned as a royal council is provided by Parasara Grhyasutras, wherein; the parisad is represented as conducting debate under the chairmanship of its Isana (President).
During the 1920s in South India, the non-brahmins organised the Self- Respect Movement led by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker.
Numerous other movements were demanding to lift a ban on entry of lower castes into temples; for instance, Shri Narayana Guru in Kerala led a lifelong struggle against upper caste domination.
He coined the slogan 'one religion, one caste, one god for
... more mankind', which his disciple Sahadaran Ayyapan changed into 'no religion, no caste, no god for mankind'.
As a reformist ideologue, Ram Mohan Roy believed in the modern scientific approach and principles of human dignity and social equality. He put his faith in monotheism.
He wrote Gift to Monotheists (1809) and translated into Bengali the Vedas and the five Upanishads to prove his conviction that ancient Hindu texts support monotheism.
In 1814, he set up Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta to campaign against idolatry, caste rigidities, meaningless rituals and other social ills.
Strongly influenced by rationalist ideas, he declared that the Vedanta is based on reason and that, if reason demanded it, even a departure from the scriptures is justified.
The Constitution provides for the abolition or creation of legislative councils in states. Accordingly, the Parliament can abolish a legislative council (where it already exists) or create it (where it does not exist), if the legislative assembly of the concerned state passes a resolution to that effect. Such a specific resolution must be passed by the state assembly by a special majority, that is... more, a majority of the total membership of the assembly and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the assembly present and voting.