UPSC

India is rushing headlong towards economic success and modernisation, counting on high- tech industries such as information technology and biotechnology to propel the nation to prosperity. India’s recent announcement that it would no longer produce unlicensed inexpensive generic pharmaceuticals bowed to the realities of the World Trade Organisation while at the same time challenging the domestic drug industry to compete with the multinational firms. Unfortunately, its weak higher education sector constitutes the Achilles heel of this strategy. India’s main competitors especially China but also Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea are investing in large and differentiated higher education systems. They are providing access to large numbers of students at the bottom of the academic system while at the same time building some research based universities that are able to compete with the world’s best institutions. There are a small number of high quality institutions, departments, and centres that can form the basis of the quality sector in higher education. India Educates approximately 10 percent of Its young people in higher education compared with more than half in the major industrialized countries and 15 percent in China. Almost all of the world’s academic systems resemble a pyramid, with a small high quality tier at the top and massive sector at the bottom. India has a tiny top tier. None of its universities occupies a solid position at the top. A few of the best universities have some excellent departments and centres, and there are a small number of outstanding undergraduate colleges.

Q. By what measures can you say that the Asian countries, other than India, are heading towards a knowledge based economy?

1. Building competitive research based universities.

2. Investing in diverse higher education systems,

3. Providing access to higher education to a select few students.

निम्नलिखित सूचना को पढ़िए और उनके बाद आने वाले प्रश्नांशों के उत्तर दीजिए:
छह विद्यार्थी A, B, C, D, E और F कई परीक्षाओं में बैठे। या तो C का या F का प्राप्तांक अधिकतम है। जब भी C का प्राप्तांक अधिकतम होता है, तब E का प्राप्तांक न्यूनतम होता है। जब भी F का प्राप्तांक अधिकतम होता है, B का प्राप्तांक न्यूनतम होता है। सभी परीक्षाओं में, उन्हें अलग-अलग अंक प्राप्त होते हैं; D का प्राप्तांक A के प्राप्तांक से अधिक है, लेकिन वे निकट प्रतिस्पर्धी हैं; A का प्राप्तांक B के प्राप्तांक से अधिक है; C का प्राप्तांक A के प्राप्तांक से अधिक है।

निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:
I. संविधान सभा के लिए 15 स्वतंत्र प्रतिनिधि चुने गए थे।
II. संविधान बनाने के लिए संविधान सभा ने 200 दिनों तक काम किया।
सही उत्तर चुने: