CAT

DIRECTIONS for the question: Read the passage and answer the question based on it.

Many firms fail because when they begin exporting, they have not researched the target markets or have not developed an international marketing plan to be successful. A firm must clearly define goals objectives and potential problems. Secondly it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish it's objective regardless of problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise, it may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.
Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business the benefits derived should eventually out-weigh the investment.
Another problem area is in the selection of foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts also since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation is usually unknown in the foreign market. Foreign customers may buy on the strength of distributing agent's reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor's facilities, the personnel handling its account and managements methods employed.
Another common difficultly for new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms: too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory the distributor must make them, this is usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactory as it should be. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.
If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts they must be trained and their performance must be continually monitored. This requires a company's marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributor's geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support the representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts for e.g. special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available.
Considering a joint venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market. The company may lack sufficient financial resources or its product line may be too limited. Yet many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.

Q. The writer states that some companies are reluctant to export because

Directions for Questions: The figure below shows the street map for a certain region with the street intersections marked from a through l. A person standing at an intersection can see along straight lines to other intersections that are in her line of sight and all other people standing at these intersections. For example, a person standing at intersection g can see all people standing at intersections b, c, e, f, h, and k. In particular, the person standing at intersection g can see the person standing at intersection e irrespective of whether there is a person standing at intersection f.

Six people U, V, W, X, Y, and Z, are standing at different intersections. No two people are standing at the same intersection.
The following additional facts are known.
1. X, U, and Z are standing at the three corners of a triangle formed by three street segments.
2. X can see only U and Z.
3. Y can see only U and W.
4. U sees V standing in the next intersection behind Z.
5. W cannot see V or Z.
6. No one among the six is standing at intersection d.

(2019)

Q. Who is standing at intersection a?

Answer the question based on the information given in the passage.

Mr. Amit Varma has quit ABC consulting to join a new HR consultancy firm. Mr. Dasgupta, his ex-colleague who is still working with ABC, recently found out that Mr. Varma is still using the contacts he made while working with ABC and is helping his firm gain a market edge over ABC consulting. Mr. Dasgupta does not have a clear idea about the laws governing the same but knows that Mr. Varma could lose face and harm his new company’s image if the word got out that he is poaching contacts.

 

Group Question

Answer the questions based on the passage given below.

The US Treasury Department recently announced that it would start demanding details of the shell companies that rich foreigners use to buy real estate in Manhattan and Miami-Dade County. This is a good step that should help law enforcement agencies crack down on money laundering, tax evasion and other crimes. The program should be broadened to cover the whole country, and must be forcefully carried out.
In recent years, there have been certain sections of people that have stashed billions of dollars of wealth in the United States by buying property and other costly assets. These purchases are generally made through limited liability corporations that are not required to disclose their wealthy owners or beneficiaries. While limited liability corporations have many legitimate purposes, there is no justification for allowing owners to shield their identities even from law enforcement and regulators. The secrecy is so complete that law enforcement officials say they are often unable to identify the true owners. All efforts by lawmakers have been thwarted by lobbying from the financial and real estate industries and state governments.

The department currently requires mortgage lenders to know the identities of the true owners of shell companies in transactions that involve loans. Under the new policy, the department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network will require details of limited liability companies that buy properties without loans. However, the order applies only to Manhattan and Miami-Dade County, and will be effective for only 180 days, starting in March.
The department should also adopt pending regulations that would require financial firms to know who owns the limited liability companies whose accounts they manage. It is absurd that regulators would not require such basic transparency as a matter of course. The current system practically lays out the welcome mat for some foreigners hiding assets from their governments, making United States one of the world’s biggest tax havens.
Supporters of the current system may argue that requiring more transparency would burden financial institutions without ending money laundering and tax evasion, since determined criminals will find ways to thwart the law. But that doesn’t justify doing nothing about this hole in financial regulations.

 

Answer the following question based on the information given below.
Six classes, namely: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E and Class F of a certain Management Institute were supposed to select exactly three specializations from Marketing, Finance, Human Resources, IT Management, Operations Management and Retail Management. All the students in any particular class selected the same set of specializations and further each specialization was selected by atleast one of the six classes. Also, 1. Students of Class B selected exactly one specialization which the students of Class E rejected. 2. There were exactly two specializations that were chosen by Class A as well as Class C. 3. There were exactly three specializations that were not chosen by Class C as well as Class F. 4. The students of Class F chose Marketing and Operations Management while the students of Class E did not choose IT Management.
The table below gives the details of the number of classes that opted for the specializations.

In the above table: M: Marketing, F: Finance, H: Human Resources, I: IT Management, O: Operations Management.

In case of how many classes, can the three specializations chosen by them be uniquely determined?