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 Page 1


?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
tUe % 13 uoacj lu~ 1917] ';ksiqj] Xokfy;j (eè;
izns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡ % pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy
(dfork laxzg)_ dkB dk liuk] foik=k] lrg ls mBrk
vkneh (dFkk lkfgR;)_ dkek;uh&,d iqufoZpkj] u;h
dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k] (vc
^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa* uke ls) leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d
lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh (vkykspuk)_ Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj
laLÑfr
fuèku % 11 flracj lu~ 1964] u;h fnYyh esa
gekjh gkj dk cnyk pqdkus vk,xk] ladYièkekZ psruk dk jDrIykfor Loj]
gekjs gh ân; dk xqIr Lo.kkZ{kj] izdV gksdj fodV gks tk,xkA
 gkj dk cnyk pqdkus okys ladYi/ekZ dfo eqfDrcks/ dk iwjk thou la?k"kZ esa chrkA
mUgksaus 20 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa cM+uxj fefMy LowQy esa ekLVjh dhA rRi'pkr 'kqtkyiqj]
mTtSu] dksydkrk] bankSj] eqacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl] tcyiqj] jktuak¡nxk¡o vkfn LFkkuksa ij
ekLVjh ls i=kdkfjrk rd dk dke fd;kA oqQN le;  rd ikB~;iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA
Nk;kokn vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dfork osQ ckn tc u;h dfork vkbZ rks eqfDrcksèk
mlosQ vxqvk dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA ejkBh lajpuk ls izHkkfor yacs okD;ksa us mudh dfork
dks vke ikBd osQ fy, dfBu cuk;k ysfdu muesa HkkoukRed vkSj fopkjkRed mQtkZ
vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var%lzksr gks tks dHkh pqdrk gh ugha cfYd yxkrkj
vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk osQ lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA ;g mQtkZ vusdkusd
dYiuk&fp=kksa vkSj iSaQVsfl;ksa oQk vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukRed mQtkZ
?
2022-23
Page 2


?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
tUe % 13 uoacj lu~ 1917] ';ksiqj] Xokfy;j (eè;
izns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡ % pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy
(dfork laxzg)_ dkB dk liuk] foik=k] lrg ls mBrk
vkneh (dFkk lkfgR;)_ dkek;uh&,d iqufoZpkj] u;h
dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k] (vc
^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa* uke ls) leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d
lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh (vkykspuk)_ Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj
laLÑfr
fuèku % 11 flracj lu~ 1964] u;h fnYyh esa
gekjh gkj dk cnyk pqdkus vk,xk] ladYièkekZ psruk dk jDrIykfor Loj]
gekjs gh ân; dk xqIr Lo.kkZ{kj] izdV gksdj fodV gks tk,xkA
 gkj dk cnyk pqdkus okys ladYi/ekZ dfo eqfDrcks/ dk iwjk thou la?k"kZ esa chrkA
mUgksaus 20 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa cM+uxj fefMy LowQy esa ekLVjh dhA rRi'pkr 'kqtkyiqj]
mTtSu] dksydkrk] bankSj] eqacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl] tcyiqj] jktuak¡nxk¡o vkfn LFkkuksa ij
ekLVjh ls i=kdkfjrk rd dk dke fd;kA oqQN le;  rd ikB~;iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA
Nk;kokn vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dfork osQ ckn tc u;h dfork vkbZ rks eqfDrcksèk
mlosQ vxqvk dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA ejkBh lajpuk ls izHkkfor yacs okD;ksa us mudh dfork
dks vke ikBd osQ fy, dfBu cuk;k ysfdu muesa HkkoukRed vkSj fopkjkRed mQtkZ
vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var%lzksr gks tks dHkh pqdrk gh ugha cfYd yxkrkj
vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk osQ lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA ;g mQtkZ vusdkusd
dYiuk&fp=kksa vkSj iSaQVsfl;ksa oQk vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukRed mQtkZ
?
2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
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dk ,d cgqr cM+k va'k vkyksPkukRed ys[ku vkSj lkfgR; lacaèkh fparu esa lfozQ; jgkA
os ,d leFkZ i=kdkj Hkh FksA blosQ vykok jktuSfrd fo"k;ksa] varjjk"Vªh; ifjn`'; rFkk ns'k
dh vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ij yxkrkj fy[kk gSA dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag osQ 'kCnksa esa mudh
dforkµ^vn~Hkqr laosQrksa Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh&nwj ls 'kksj epkrh dHkh dkuksa
esa pqipki jk”k dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa gedks lqukrh gSA ge vius dks ,dne
pfdr gksdj ns[krs gSa vkSj igys ls vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSaA*
eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ lkekU;r% cgqr yach gksrh gSA mUgksaus tks Hkh vis{kko`Qr NksVs
vkdkj dh dfork,¡ fy[kh gSa] muesa ls ,d gS lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS tks Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /wy
esa ladfyr gSA ,d gksrk gS&^Lohdkjuk* vkSj nwljk gksrk gS& ^lg"kZ Lohdkjuk* ;kuh
[kq'kh&[kq'kh Lohdkj djukA ;g dfork thou osQ lc nq[k&lq[k] la?k"kZ&volkn] mBk&iVd
lE;d Hkko ls vaxhdkj djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA dfo dks tgk¡ ls ;g izsj.kk feyhµizsj.kk
osQ ml mRl rd Hkh gedks ys tkrh gSA ml fof'k"V O;fDr ;k lÙkk osQ blh ^lgtrk*
osQ pyrs mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkµoqQN bl rjg Lohdkj (vkSj vkRelkr) fd;k Fkk fd
vkt rd og lkeus ugha Hkh gS rks Hkh vklikl mlosQ gksus dk ,glkl gSµ
eqLdkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
pw¡fd ;g ,glkl vkIykoudkjh gS vkSj dfork dk ^eSa* mldh Hkkoizo.krk osQ futh
i{k ls mcjdj flI
+
kZQ fopkj dh rjg mls thuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd  og c`gÙkj fo'o dh
xqfRFk;k¡ lqy>kus esa mldh enn djsxhA og fnoaxrk ek¡] iRuh] cgu] lgpjh dksbZ Hkh gks
ldrh gSA lgt Lusg dh mQ"ek tc fojg esa vfXuf'k[kk&lh míhIr gks mBh gS]
FkksM+h&FkksM+h&lh fuLlaxrk Hkh ,dne ls ”k:jh gks vkbZ gS vkSj og pkgus yxk gS
eksg&eqfDrA pkgus yxk gS fd Hkwyus dh izfozQ;k ,d vekol dh rjg mlosQ Hkhrj bl
rjg ?kfVr gks fd pk¡n ”kjk&lk vksV gks ysA v¡èksjs ls lkeuk gks rks fpÙk dh rkdr c<+sA
yxkrkj ;g HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld  voyac vanj ,d vKkr Hk; Hkh dk;e djrk gSA
eerk osQ ckny dh e¡Mjkrh dkseyrkµD;ksafd Hkhrj fijkrh gS
cgykrh&lgykrh vkReh;rk cjnk'r ugha gksrh gSA
n`<+rk vkSj rn~tU; dBksjrk Hkh cM+s ekuo&ewY; gSa] blfy, Hkwy tkuk Hkh ,d dyk
gSA vfr fdlh ph”k dh vPNh ughaA gj le; dh HkkoknzZrk Hkh de”kksj djrh gSA vfr'k;
izdk'k ls vk¡[ksa pkSafèk;k tkrh gSaA blfy, fdlh gn rd ojs.; gS v¡èksjk Hkh&foLe`fr dk
v¡èksjkA vkneh gjne lc oqQN ;kn djrk pys] rks thuk gh eqf'dy gks tk,A ^relks ek
2022-23
Page 3


?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
tUe % 13 uoacj lu~ 1917] ';ksiqj] Xokfy;j (eè;
izns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡ % pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy
(dfork laxzg)_ dkB dk liuk] foik=k] lrg ls mBrk
vkneh (dFkk lkfgR;)_ dkek;uh&,d iqufoZpkj] u;h
dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k] (vc
^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa* uke ls) leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d
lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh (vkykspuk)_ Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj
laLÑfr
fuèku % 11 flracj lu~ 1964] u;h fnYyh esa
gekjh gkj dk cnyk pqdkus vk,xk] ladYièkekZ psruk dk jDrIykfor Loj]
gekjs gh ân; dk xqIr Lo.kkZ{kj] izdV gksdj fodV gks tk,xkA
 gkj dk cnyk pqdkus okys ladYi/ekZ dfo eqfDrcks/ dk iwjk thou la?k"kZ esa chrkA
mUgksaus 20 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa cM+uxj fefMy LowQy esa ekLVjh dhA rRi'pkr 'kqtkyiqj]
mTtSu] dksydkrk] bankSj] eqacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl] tcyiqj] jktuak¡nxk¡o vkfn LFkkuksa ij
ekLVjh ls i=kdkfjrk rd dk dke fd;kA oqQN le;  rd ikB~;iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA
Nk;kokn vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dfork osQ ckn tc u;h dfork vkbZ rks eqfDrcksèk
mlosQ vxqvk dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA ejkBh lajpuk ls izHkkfor yacs okD;ksa us mudh dfork
dks vke ikBd osQ fy, dfBu cuk;k ysfdu muesa HkkoukRed vkSj fopkjkRed mQtkZ
vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var%lzksr gks tks dHkh pqdrk gh ugha cfYd yxkrkj
vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk osQ lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA ;g mQtkZ vusdkusd
dYiuk&fp=kksa vkSj iSaQVsfl;ksa oQk vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukRed mQtkZ
?
2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
28
dk ,d cgqr cM+k va'k vkyksPkukRed ys[ku vkSj lkfgR; lacaèkh fparu esa lfozQ; jgkA
os ,d leFkZ i=kdkj Hkh FksA blosQ vykok jktuSfrd fo"k;ksa] varjjk"Vªh; ifjn`'; rFkk ns'k
dh vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ij yxkrkj fy[kk gSA dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag osQ 'kCnksa esa mudh
dforkµ^vn~Hkqr laosQrksa Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh&nwj ls 'kksj epkrh dHkh dkuksa
esa pqipki jk”k dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa gedks lqukrh gSA ge vius dks ,dne
pfdr gksdj ns[krs gSa vkSj igys ls vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSaA*
eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ lkekU;r% cgqr yach gksrh gSA mUgksaus tks Hkh vis{kko`Qr NksVs
vkdkj dh dfork,¡ fy[kh gSa] muesa ls ,d gS lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS tks Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /wy
esa ladfyr gSA ,d gksrk gS&^Lohdkjuk* vkSj nwljk gksrk gS& ^lg"kZ Lohdkjuk* ;kuh
[kq'kh&[kq'kh Lohdkj djukA ;g dfork thou osQ lc nq[k&lq[k] la?k"kZ&volkn] mBk&iVd
lE;d Hkko ls vaxhdkj djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA dfo dks tgk¡ ls ;g izsj.kk feyhµizsj.kk
osQ ml mRl rd Hkh gedks ys tkrh gSA ml fof'k"V O;fDr ;k lÙkk osQ blh ^lgtrk*
osQ pyrs mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkµoqQN bl rjg Lohdkj (vkSj vkRelkr) fd;k Fkk fd
vkt rd og lkeus ugha Hkh gS rks Hkh vklikl mlosQ gksus dk ,glkl gSµ
eqLdkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
pw¡fd ;g ,glkl vkIykoudkjh gS vkSj dfork dk ^eSa* mldh Hkkoizo.krk osQ futh
i{k ls mcjdj flI
+
kZQ fopkj dh rjg mls thuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd  og c`gÙkj fo'o dh
xqfRFk;k¡ lqy>kus esa mldh enn djsxhA og fnoaxrk ek¡] iRuh] cgu] lgpjh dksbZ Hkh gks
ldrh gSA lgt Lusg dh mQ"ek tc fojg esa vfXuf'k[kk&lh míhIr gks mBh gS]
FkksM+h&FkksM+h&lh fuLlaxrk Hkh ,dne ls ”k:jh gks vkbZ gS vkSj og pkgus yxk gS
eksg&eqfDrA pkgus yxk gS fd Hkwyus dh izfozQ;k ,d vekol dh rjg mlosQ Hkhrj bl
rjg ?kfVr gks fd pk¡n ”kjk&lk vksV gks ysA v¡èksjs ls lkeuk gks rks fpÙk dh rkdr c<+sA
yxkrkj ;g HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld  voyac vanj ,d vKkr Hk; Hkh dk;e djrk gSA
eerk osQ ckny dh e¡Mjkrh dkseyrkµD;ksafd Hkhrj fijkrh gS
cgykrh&lgykrh vkReh;rk cjnk'r ugha gksrh gSA
n`<+rk vkSj rn~tU; dBksjrk Hkh cM+s ekuo&ewY; gSa] blfy, Hkwy tkuk Hkh ,d dyk
gSA vfr fdlh ph”k dh vPNh ughaA gj le; dh HkkoknzZrk Hkh de”kksj djrh gSA vfr'k;
izdk'k ls vk¡[ksa pkSafèk;k tkrh gSaA blfy, fdlh gn rd ojs.; gS v¡èksjk Hkh&foLe`fr dk
v¡èksjkA vkneh gjne lc oqQN ;kn djrk pys] rks thuk gh eqf'dy gks tk,A ^relks ek
2022-23
????? ? ???? ???? ?S
29
T;ksfrxZe;* ;fn ,d izdkj dk lp gS rks mruk gh cM+k lp gS ^ikrkyh v¡èksjs dh xqI
+
kQkvksa*
esa MwcukA Hkwyuk ^naM* lgh] fiQj Hkh iqjLdkj ekudj gh xzg.k djuk pkfg,A
èkq,¡ osQ ckny Hkh iw.kZ foLe`fr ?kfVr ugha dj ikrsA ;knksa dk èkq¡èkydk ogk¡ Hkh gSA
euq"; dh laiw.kZ psruk v¡èksjk&mtkyk] lq[k&nq[k] Le`fr&foLe`fr osQ rkuk&Hkjuh ls cquh ,d
dchjh pknj gS ftls vkRek pkjksa vksj ls ;kuh laiw.kZrk esa yisV ysuk pkgrh gSA thou dk
fu"d"kZ ;gh gS fd og fdlh dk ugha D;ksafd lc ^mldh* ijNkb± gSA
iz'u ;gk¡ ;g mBrk gS fd ^og* gS dkSu\ fnoaxrk ek¡ ;k fiz;k\ c`gÙkj thou&n'kZuµtks
bZ'oj&fujis{k gksrk gqvk Hkh mruk gh loZO;kih vkSj vkIykoudkjh gS ftruk dchj osQ jke
;k oM~LkZoFkZ dh ekr`euk izo`Qfr\ ;g xqRFkh u Hkh lqy>s rks Hkh dfork viuh eeZLif'kZrk
vkSj }a}foàyrk osQ dkj.k mruh gh laxr vkSj fof'k"V gSA lkèkd vkSj lkè; dh ,dkRerk]
^rsjk rq>dks lkSairk dk ykxS gS eksj* okyk ,slk fujgadkj fou; ikjaifjd lkfgR; ls brj
;kuh vkèkqfud dfork esa de gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
?????? ?????? ??????????
2022-23
Page 4


?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
tUe % 13 uoacj lu~ 1917] ';ksiqj] Xokfy;j (eè;
izns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡ % pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy
(dfork laxzg)_ dkB dk liuk] foik=k] lrg ls mBrk
vkneh (dFkk lkfgR;)_ dkek;uh&,d iqufoZpkj] u;h
dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k] (vc
^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa* uke ls) leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d
lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh (vkykspuk)_ Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj
laLÑfr
fuèku % 11 flracj lu~ 1964] u;h fnYyh esa
gekjh gkj dk cnyk pqdkus vk,xk] ladYièkekZ psruk dk jDrIykfor Loj]
gekjs gh ân; dk xqIr Lo.kkZ{kj] izdV gksdj fodV gks tk,xkA
 gkj dk cnyk pqdkus okys ladYi/ekZ dfo eqfDrcks/ dk iwjk thou la?k"kZ esa chrkA
mUgksaus 20 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa cM+uxj fefMy LowQy esa ekLVjh dhA rRi'pkr 'kqtkyiqj]
mTtSu] dksydkrk] bankSj] eqacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl] tcyiqj] jktuak¡nxk¡o vkfn LFkkuksa ij
ekLVjh ls i=kdkfjrk rd dk dke fd;kA oqQN le;  rd ikB~;iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA
Nk;kokn vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dfork osQ ckn tc u;h dfork vkbZ rks eqfDrcksèk
mlosQ vxqvk dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA ejkBh lajpuk ls izHkkfor yacs okD;ksa us mudh dfork
dks vke ikBd osQ fy, dfBu cuk;k ysfdu muesa HkkoukRed vkSj fopkjkRed mQtkZ
vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var%lzksr gks tks dHkh pqdrk gh ugha cfYd yxkrkj
vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk osQ lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA ;g mQtkZ vusdkusd
dYiuk&fp=kksa vkSj iSaQVsfl;ksa oQk vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukRed mQtkZ
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2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
28
dk ,d cgqr cM+k va'k vkyksPkukRed ys[ku vkSj lkfgR; lacaèkh fparu esa lfozQ; jgkA
os ,d leFkZ i=kdkj Hkh FksA blosQ vykok jktuSfrd fo"k;ksa] varjjk"Vªh; ifjn`'; rFkk ns'k
dh vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ij yxkrkj fy[kk gSA dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag osQ 'kCnksa esa mudh
dforkµ^vn~Hkqr laosQrksa Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh&nwj ls 'kksj epkrh dHkh dkuksa
esa pqipki jk”k dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa gedks lqukrh gSA ge vius dks ,dne
pfdr gksdj ns[krs gSa vkSj igys ls vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSaA*
eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ lkekU;r% cgqr yach gksrh gSA mUgksaus tks Hkh vis{kko`Qr NksVs
vkdkj dh dfork,¡ fy[kh gSa] muesa ls ,d gS lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS tks Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /wy
esa ladfyr gSA ,d gksrk gS&^Lohdkjuk* vkSj nwljk gksrk gS& ^lg"kZ Lohdkjuk* ;kuh
[kq'kh&[kq'kh Lohdkj djukA ;g dfork thou osQ lc nq[k&lq[k] la?k"kZ&volkn] mBk&iVd
lE;d Hkko ls vaxhdkj djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA dfo dks tgk¡ ls ;g izsj.kk feyhµizsj.kk
osQ ml mRl rd Hkh gedks ys tkrh gSA ml fof'k"V O;fDr ;k lÙkk osQ blh ^lgtrk*
osQ pyrs mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkµoqQN bl rjg Lohdkj (vkSj vkRelkr) fd;k Fkk fd
vkt rd og lkeus ugha Hkh gS rks Hkh vklikl mlosQ gksus dk ,glkl gSµ
eqLdkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
pw¡fd ;g ,glkl vkIykoudkjh gS vkSj dfork dk ^eSa* mldh Hkkoizo.krk osQ futh
i{k ls mcjdj flI
+
kZQ fopkj dh rjg mls thuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd  og c`gÙkj fo'o dh
xqfRFk;k¡ lqy>kus esa mldh enn djsxhA og fnoaxrk ek¡] iRuh] cgu] lgpjh dksbZ Hkh gks
ldrh gSA lgt Lusg dh mQ"ek tc fojg esa vfXuf'k[kk&lh míhIr gks mBh gS]
FkksM+h&FkksM+h&lh fuLlaxrk Hkh ,dne ls ”k:jh gks vkbZ gS vkSj og pkgus yxk gS
eksg&eqfDrA pkgus yxk gS fd Hkwyus dh izfozQ;k ,d vekol dh rjg mlosQ Hkhrj bl
rjg ?kfVr gks fd pk¡n ”kjk&lk vksV gks ysA v¡èksjs ls lkeuk gks rks fpÙk dh rkdr c<+sA
yxkrkj ;g HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld  voyac vanj ,d vKkr Hk; Hkh dk;e djrk gSA
eerk osQ ckny dh e¡Mjkrh dkseyrkµD;ksafd Hkhrj fijkrh gS
cgykrh&lgykrh vkReh;rk cjnk'r ugha gksrh gSA
n`<+rk vkSj rn~tU; dBksjrk Hkh cM+s ekuo&ewY; gSa] blfy, Hkwy tkuk Hkh ,d dyk
gSA vfr fdlh ph”k dh vPNh ughaA gj le; dh HkkoknzZrk Hkh de”kksj djrh gSA vfr'k;
izdk'k ls vk¡[ksa pkSafèk;k tkrh gSaA blfy, fdlh gn rd ojs.; gS v¡èksjk Hkh&foLe`fr dk
v¡èksjkA vkneh gjne lc oqQN ;kn djrk pys] rks thuk gh eqf'dy gks tk,A ^relks ek
2022-23
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29
T;ksfrxZe;* ;fn ,d izdkj dk lp gS rks mruk gh cM+k lp gS ^ikrkyh v¡èksjs dh xqI
+
kQkvksa*
esa MwcukA Hkwyuk ^naM* lgh] fiQj Hkh iqjLdkj ekudj gh xzg.k djuk pkfg,A
èkq,¡ osQ ckny Hkh iw.kZ foLe`fr ?kfVr ugha dj ikrsA ;knksa dk èkq¡èkydk ogk¡ Hkh gSA
euq"; dh laiw.kZ psruk v¡èksjk&mtkyk] lq[k&nq[k] Le`fr&foLe`fr osQ rkuk&Hkjuh ls cquh ,d
dchjh pknj gS ftls vkRek pkjksa vksj ls ;kuh laiw.kZrk esa yisV ysuk pkgrh gSA thou dk
fu"d"kZ ;gh gS fd og fdlh dk ugha D;ksafd lc ^mldh* ijNkb± gSA
iz'u ;gk¡ ;g mBrk gS fd ^og* gS dkSu\ fnoaxrk ek¡ ;k fiz;k\ c`gÙkj thou&n'kZuµtks
bZ'oj&fujis{k gksrk gqvk Hkh mruk gh loZO;kih vkSj vkIykoudkjh gS ftruk dchj osQ jke
;k oM~LkZoFkZ dh ekr`euk izo`Qfr\ ;g xqRFkh u Hkh lqy>s rks Hkh dfork viuh eeZLif'kZrk
vkSj }a}foàyrk osQ dkj.k mruh gh laxr vkSj fof'k"V gSA lkèkd vkSj lkè; dh ,dkRerk]
^rsjk rq>dks lkSairk dk ykxS gS eksj* okyk ,slk fujgadkj fou; ikjaifjd lkfgR; ls brj
;kuh vkèkqfud dfork esa de gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
?????? ?????? ??????????
2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
30
????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ??
f”kanxh esa tks oqQN gS] tks Hkh gS
lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS_
blfy, fd tks oqQN Hkh esjk gS
og rqEgsa I;kjk gSA
xjchyh xjhch ;g] ;s xaHkhj vuqHko lc
;g fopkj&oSHko lc
n`<+rk ;g] Hkhrj dh lfjrk ;g vfHkuo lc
ekSfyd gS] ekSfyd gS
blfy, fd iy&iy esa
tks oqQN Hkh tkxzr gS viyd gSµ
laosnu rqEgkjk gS! !
tkus D;k fj'rk gS] tkus D;k ukrk gS
ftruk Hkh m¡M+syrk gw¡] Hkj&Hkj fiQj vkrk gS
fny esa D;k >juk gS\
ehBs ikuh dk lksrk gS
Hkhrj og] mQij rqe
eqldkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
lpeqp eq>s naM nks fd Hkwyw¡ eSa Hkwyw¡ eSa
rqEgsa Hkwy tkus dh
nf{k.k èkzqoh vaèkdkj&vekoL;k
'kjhj ij] psgjs ij] varj esa ik yw¡ eSa
>syw¡ eSa] mlh esa ugk yw¡ eSa
2022-23
Page 5


?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??
tUe % 13 uoacj lu~ 1917] ';ksiqj] Xokfy;j (eè;
izns'k)
izeq[k jpuk,¡ % pk¡n dk eq¡g Vs<+k gS] Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd èkwy
(dfork laxzg)_ dkB dk liuk] foik=k] lrg ls mBrk
vkneh (dFkk lkfgR;)_ dkek;uh&,d iqufoZpkj] u;h
dfork dk vkRela?k"kZ] u;s lkfgR; dk lkSan;Z'kkL=k] (vc
^vkf[kj jpuk D;ksa* uke ls) leh{kk dh leL;k,¡] ,d
lkfgfR;d dh Mk;jh (vkykspuk)_ Hkkjr % bfrgkl vkSj
laLÑfr
fuèku % 11 flracj lu~ 1964] u;h fnYyh esa
gekjh gkj dk cnyk pqdkus vk,xk] ladYièkekZ psruk dk jDrIykfor Loj]
gekjs gh ân; dk xqIr Lo.kkZ{kj] izdV gksdj fodV gks tk,xkA
 gkj dk cnyk pqdkus okys ladYi/ekZ dfo eqfDrcks/ dk iwjk thou la?k"kZ esa chrkA
mUgksaus 20 o"kZ dh NksVh mez esa cM+uxj fefMy LowQy esa ekLVjh dhA rRi'pkr 'kqtkyiqj]
mTtSu] dksydkrk] bankSj] eqacbZ] caxykSj] cukjl] tcyiqj] jktuak¡nxk¡o vkfn LFkkuksa ij
ekLVjh ls i=kdkfjrk rd dk dke fd;kA oqQN le;  rd ikB~;iqLrosaQ Hkh fy[khaA
Nk;kokn vkSj LoPNanrkoknh dfork osQ ckn tc u;h dfork vkbZ rks eqfDrcksèk
mlosQ vxqvk dfo;ksa esa ls ,d FksA ejkBh lajpuk ls izHkkfor yacs okD;ksa us mudh dfork
dks vke ikBd osQ fy, dfBu cuk;k ysfdu muesa HkkoukRed vkSj fopkjkRed mQtkZ
vVwV Fkh] tSls dksbZ uSlfxZd var%lzksr gks tks dHkh pqdrk gh ugha cfYd yxkrkj
vfèkdkfèkd osx vkSj rhozrk osQ lkFk meM+rk pyk vkrk gSA ;g mQtkZ vusdkusd
dYiuk&fp=kksa vkSj iSaQVsfl;ksa oQk vkdkj xzg.k dj ysrh gSA eqfDrcksèk dh jpukRed mQtkZ
?
2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
28
dk ,d cgqr cM+k va'k vkyksPkukRed ys[ku vkSj lkfgR; lacaèkh fparu esa lfozQ; jgkA
os ,d leFkZ i=kdkj Hkh FksA blosQ vykok jktuSfrd fo"k;ksa] varjjk"Vªh; ifjn`'; rFkk ns'k
dh vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ij yxkrkj fy[kk gSA dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag osQ 'kCnksa esa mudh
dforkµ^vn~Hkqr laosQrksa Hkjh] ftKklkvksa ls vfLFkj] dHkh&nwj ls 'kksj epkrh dHkh dkuksa
esa pqipki jk”k dh ckrsa dgrh pyrh gSA gekjh ckrsa gedks lqukrh gSA ge vius dks ,dne
pfdr gksdj ns[krs gSa vkSj igys ls vfèkd igpkuus yxrs gSaA*
eqfDrcksèk dh dfork,¡ lkekU;r% cgqr yach gksrh gSA mUgksaus tks Hkh vis{kko`Qr NksVs
vkdkj dh dfork,¡ fy[kh gSa] muesa ls ,d gS lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS tks Hkwjh&Hkwjh [kkd /wy
esa ladfyr gSA ,d gksrk gS&^Lohdkjuk* vkSj nwljk gksrk gS& ^lg"kZ Lohdkjuk* ;kuh
[kq'kh&[kq'kh Lohdkj djukA ;g dfork thou osQ lc nq[k&lq[k] la?k"kZ&volkn] mBk&iVd
lE;d Hkko ls vaxhdkj djus dh izsj.kk nsrh gSA dfo dks tgk¡ ls ;g izsj.kk feyhµizsj.kk
osQ ml mRl rd Hkh gedks ys tkrh gSA ml fof'k"V O;fDr ;k lÙkk osQ blh ^lgtrk*
osQ pyrs mldks Lohdkj fd;k FkkµoqQN bl rjg Lohdkj (vkSj vkRelkr) fd;k Fkk fd
vkt rd og lkeus ugha Hkh gS rks Hkh vklikl mlosQ gksus dk ,glkl gSµ
eqLdkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
pw¡fd ;g ,glkl vkIykoudkjh gS vkSj dfork dk ^eSa* mldh Hkkoizo.krk osQ futh
i{k ls mcjdj flI
+
kZQ fopkj dh rjg mls thuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd  og c`gÙkj fo'o dh
xqfRFk;k¡ lqy>kus esa mldh enn djsxhA og fnoaxrk ek¡] iRuh] cgu] lgpjh dksbZ Hkh gks
ldrh gSA lgt Lusg dh mQ"ek tc fojg esa vfXuf'k[kk&lh míhIr gks mBh gS]
FkksM+h&FkksM+h&lh fuLlaxrk Hkh ,dne ls ”k:jh gks vkbZ gS vkSj og pkgus yxk gS
eksg&eqfDrA pkgus yxk gS fd Hkwyus dh izfozQ;k ,d vekol dh rjg mlosQ Hkhrj bl
rjg ?kfVr gks fd pk¡n ”kjk&lk vksV gks ysA v¡èksjs ls lkeuk gks rks fpÙk dh rkdr c<+sA
yxkrkj ;g HkkSfrd vkSj ekufld  voyac vanj ,d vKkr Hk; Hkh dk;e djrk gSA
eerk osQ ckny dh e¡Mjkrh dkseyrkµD;ksafd Hkhrj fijkrh gS
cgykrh&lgykrh vkReh;rk cjnk'r ugha gksrh gSA
n`<+rk vkSj rn~tU; dBksjrk Hkh cM+s ekuo&ewY; gSa] blfy, Hkwy tkuk Hkh ,d dyk
gSA vfr fdlh ph”k dh vPNh ughaA gj le; dh HkkoknzZrk Hkh de”kksj djrh gSA vfr'k;
izdk'k ls vk¡[ksa pkSafèk;k tkrh gSaA blfy, fdlh gn rd ojs.; gS v¡èksjk Hkh&foLe`fr dk
v¡èksjkA vkneh gjne lc oqQN ;kn djrk pys] rks thuk gh eqf'dy gks tk,A ^relks ek
2022-23
????? ? ???? ???? ?S
29
T;ksfrxZe;* ;fn ,d izdkj dk lp gS rks mruk gh cM+k lp gS ^ikrkyh v¡èksjs dh xqI
+
kQkvksa*
esa MwcukA Hkwyuk ^naM* lgh] fiQj Hkh iqjLdkj ekudj gh xzg.k djuk pkfg,A
èkq,¡ osQ ckny Hkh iw.kZ foLe`fr ?kfVr ugha dj ikrsA ;knksa dk èkq¡èkydk ogk¡ Hkh gSA
euq"; dh laiw.kZ psruk v¡èksjk&mtkyk] lq[k&nq[k] Le`fr&foLe`fr osQ rkuk&Hkjuh ls cquh ,d
dchjh pknj gS ftls vkRek pkjksa vksj ls ;kuh laiw.kZrk esa yisV ysuk pkgrh gSA thou dk
fu"d"kZ ;gh gS fd og fdlh dk ugha D;ksafd lc ^mldh* ijNkb± gSA
iz'u ;gk¡ ;g mBrk gS fd ^og* gS dkSu\ fnoaxrk ek¡ ;k fiz;k\ c`gÙkj thou&n'kZuµtks
bZ'oj&fujis{k gksrk gqvk Hkh mruk gh loZO;kih vkSj vkIykoudkjh gS ftruk dchj osQ jke
;k oM~LkZoFkZ dh ekr`euk izo`Qfr\ ;g xqRFkh u Hkh lqy>s rks Hkh dfork viuh eeZLif'kZrk
vkSj }a}foàyrk osQ dkj.k mruh gh laxr vkSj fof'k"V gSA lkèkd vkSj lkè; dh ,dkRerk]
^rsjk rq>dks lkSairk dk ykxS gS eksj* okyk ,slk fujgadkj fou; ikjaifjd lkfgR; ls brj
;kuh vkèkqfud dfork esa de gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
?????? ?????? ??????????
2022-23
? ? ? ? ? ?
30
????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ??
f”kanxh esa tks oqQN gS] tks Hkh gS
lg"kZ Lohdkjk gS_
blfy, fd tks oqQN Hkh esjk gS
og rqEgsa I;kjk gSA
xjchyh xjhch ;g] ;s xaHkhj vuqHko lc
;g fopkj&oSHko lc
n`<+rk ;g] Hkhrj dh lfjrk ;g vfHkuo lc
ekSfyd gS] ekSfyd gS
blfy, fd iy&iy esa
tks oqQN Hkh tkxzr gS viyd gSµ
laosnu rqEgkjk gS! !
tkus D;k fj'rk gS] tkus D;k ukrk gS
ftruk Hkh m¡M+syrk gw¡] Hkj&Hkj fiQj vkrk gS
fny esa D;k >juk gS\
ehBs ikuh dk lksrk gS
Hkhrj og] mQij rqe
eqldkrk pk¡n T;ksa èkjrh ij jkr&Hkj
eq> ij R;ksa rqEgkjk gh f[kyrk og psgjk gS!
lpeqp eq>s naM nks fd Hkwyw¡ eSa Hkwyw¡ eSa
rqEgsa Hkwy tkus dh
nf{k.k èkzqoh vaèkdkj&vekoL;k
'kjhj ij] psgjs ij] varj esa ik yw¡ eSa
>syw¡ eSa] mlh esa ugk yw¡ eSa
2022-23
????? ? ???? ???? ?S
31
blfy, fd rqels gh ifjosf"Vr vkPNkfnr
jgus dk je.kh; ;g mtsyk vc
lgk ugha tkrk gSA
ugha lgk tkrk gSA
eerk osQ ckny dh e¡Mjkrh dkseyrkµ
Hkhrj fijkrh gS
de”kksj vkSj v{ke vc gks xbZ gS vkRek ;g
NViVkrh Nkrh dks HkforO;rk Mjkrh gS
cgykrh lgykrh vkReh;rk cjnk'r ugha gksrh gS!!
2022-23
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध’ - Hindi Class 12 - Humanities/Arts

1. गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध’ नसल्यानुसार, या पुस्तकाचे विषय काय आहे?
उत्तर: 'गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' ही पुस्तक एक मराठी कादंबरी आहे, ज्यात मुख्यतः विद्रोह, स्वातंत्र्यलढाई, आणि आत्मनिर्भर जीवन यांच्या प्रतिष्ठेची वातावरण आहे.
2. गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' ही पुस्तक कुठल्या भाषेत लिहिली गेली आहे?
उत्तर: 'गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' ही पुस्तक मराठी भाषेत लिहिली गेली आहे.
3. गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' पुस्तकाचे लेखक कौन हैं?
उत्तर: गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' पुस्तकाचे लेखक गजानन माधव मुक्तिबोध आहेत.
4. गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' पुस्तकाचे मुख्य विषय कोणते आहे?
उत्तर: गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' पुस्तकाचे मुख्य विषय विद्रोह, स्वातंत्र्यलढाई, आणि आत्मनिर्भर जीवन यांच्या प्रतिष्ठेची वातावरण आहे.
5. गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' पुस्तक काय आहे?
उत्तर: गजानन माधव ‘मुक्तिबोध' ही पुस्तक एक मराठी कादंबरी आहे, ज्यात मुख्यतः विद्रोह, स्वातंत्र्यलढाई, आणि आत्मनिर्भर जीवन यांच्या प्रतिष्ठेची वातावरण आहे.
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