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 Page 1


os vk¡[ksa/145
dfork osQ fy, fp=k Hkk"kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mlosQ 'kCn
lLoj gksus pkfg,] tks cksyrs gksa] lsc dh rjg ftuosQ jl dh
eèkqj ykfyek Hkhrj u lek ldus osQ dkj.k ckgj >yd iM+sA
(^iYyo* dh Hkwfedk)
lqfe=kkuanu iar
ewy uke% xksl¡kbZ nÙk
tUe% lu~~ 1900] dkSlkuh] f”kyk vYeksM+k (mÙkjkapy)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% oh.kk] xazfFk] iYyo] xaqtu] ;qxok.kh]
xzkE;k] fpancjk] mÙkjk] Lo.kZ fdj.k] dyk vkSj cw<+k
pk¡n] yksdk;ru vkfn
lEeku% Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj] lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj] lksfo;r ySaM usg: iqjLdkj] in~eHkw"k.k
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
Nk;kokn osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHk lqfe=kkuanu iar izo`Qfr
osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA fganh dfork esa izÑfr dks igyh ckj izeq[k fo"k; cukus dk dke
iar us gh fd;kA mudh dfork izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ varjax laca/ksa dk nLrkost gSA
budh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dkSlkuh osQ xk¡o esa rFkk mPp f'k{kk cukjl vkSj bykgkckn
esa gqbZA ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs  egkRek xka/h osQ vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls izHkkfor
gksdj i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nhA mlosQ ckn Lora=k ys[ku djrs jgsA
izo`Qfr osQ vn~Hkqr fp=kdkj iar dk fe”kkt dfork esa cnyko dk i{k/j jgk gSA
'kq#vkrh nkSj esa Nk;koknh dfork,¡ fy[khaA iy&iy ifjofrZr izo`Qfr os'k bUgsa ”kknw
dh rjg vko`Q"V dj jgk FkkA ckn esa py dj izxfr'khy nkSj esa rkt vkSj os vk¡[ksa
Page 2


os vk¡[ksa/145
dfork osQ fy, fp=k Hkk"kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mlosQ 'kCn
lLoj gksus pkfg,] tks cksyrs gksa] lsc dh rjg ftuosQ jl dh
eèkqj ykfyek Hkhrj u lek ldus osQ dkj.k ckgj >yd iM+sA
(^iYyo* dh Hkwfedk)
lqfe=kkuanu iar
ewy uke% xksl¡kbZ nÙk
tUe% lu~~ 1900] dkSlkuh] f”kyk vYeksM+k (mÙkjkapy)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% oh.kk] xazfFk] iYyo] xaqtu] ;qxok.kh]
xzkE;k] fpancjk] mÙkjk] Lo.kZ fdj.k] dyk vkSj cw<+k
pk¡n] yksdk;ru vkfn
lEeku% Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj] lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj] lksfo;r ySaM usg: iqjLdkj] in~eHkw"k.k
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
Nk;kokn osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHk lqfe=kkuanu iar izo`Qfr
osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA fganh dfork esa izÑfr dks igyh ckj izeq[k fo"k; cukus dk dke
iar us gh fd;kA mudh dfork izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ varjax laca/ksa dk nLrkost gSA
budh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dkSlkuh osQ xk¡o esa rFkk mPp f'k{kk cukjl vkSj bykgkckn
esa gqbZA ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs  egkRek xka/h osQ vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls izHkkfor
gksdj i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nhA mlosQ ckn Lora=k ys[ku djrs jgsA
izo`Qfr osQ vn~Hkqr fp=kdkj iar dk fe”kkt dfork esa cnyko dk i{k/j jgk gSA
'kq#vkrh nkSj esa Nk;koknh dfork,¡ fy[khaA iy&iy ifjofrZr izo`Qfr os'k bUgsa ”kknw
dh rjg vko`Q"V dj jgk FkkA ckn esa py dj izxfr'khy nkSj esa rkt vkSj os vk¡[ksa
146/vkjksg
tSlh dfork,¡ Hkh fy[khaA blosQ lkFk gh vjfoUn osQ ekuookn ls izHkkfor gksdj
ekuo rqe lcls lqanjre tSlh iafDr;k¡ Hkh fy[krs jgsA mUgksaus ukVd] dgkuh]
vkRedFkk] miU;kl vkSj vkykspuk osQ {ks=k esa Hkh dke fd;k gSA :ikHk uked
if=kdk dk laiknu Hkh fd;k ftlesa izxfroknh lkfgR; ij foLrkj ls fopkj&foe'kZ
gksrk FkkA
iar th Hkk"kk osQ izfr cgqr lpsr FksA budh jpukvksa esa izo`Qfr dh ”kknwxjh ftl
Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gS mls Lo;a iar fp=k Hkk"kk (fcackRed Hkk"kk) dh laKk nsrs
gSaA cztHkk"kk vkSj [kM+h cksyh osQ fookn esa mUgksaus [kM+h cksyh dk i{k fy;k vkSj
iYyo dh Hkwfedk esa foLrkj ls [kM+h cksyh dk leFkZu fd;kA
izLrqr dfork os vk¡[ksa iar th osQ izxfr'khy nkSj dh dfork gSA blesa fodkl
dh fojksèkkHkklh voèkkj.kkvksa ij djkjk izgkj fd;k x;k gSA ;qx&;qx ls 'kks"k.k osQ
f'kdkj fdlku dk thou dfo dks vkgr djrk gSA nq[kn ckr ;g gS fd Lokèkhu
Hkkjr esa Hkh fdlkuksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj O;oLFkk us fu.kkZ;d gLr{ksi ugha fd;kA
dfork ,sls gh nq'pØ esa i¡Qls fdlkuksa osQ O;fDrxr ,oa ikfjokfjd nq[kksa dh ijrksa
dks [kksyrh gS vkSj Li"V :i ls foHkkftr lekt dh oxhZ; psruk dk [kkdk izLrqr
djrh gSA
Page 3


os vk¡[ksa/145
dfork osQ fy, fp=k Hkk"kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mlosQ 'kCn
lLoj gksus pkfg,] tks cksyrs gksa] lsc dh rjg ftuosQ jl dh
eèkqj ykfyek Hkhrj u lek ldus osQ dkj.k ckgj >yd iM+sA
(^iYyo* dh Hkwfedk)
lqfe=kkuanu iar
ewy uke% xksl¡kbZ nÙk
tUe% lu~~ 1900] dkSlkuh] f”kyk vYeksM+k (mÙkjkapy)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% oh.kk] xazfFk] iYyo] xaqtu] ;qxok.kh]
xzkE;k] fpancjk] mÙkjk] Lo.kZ fdj.k] dyk vkSj cw<+k
pk¡n] yksdk;ru vkfn
lEeku% Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj] lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj] lksfo;r ySaM usg: iqjLdkj] in~eHkw"k.k
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
Nk;kokn osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHk lqfe=kkuanu iar izo`Qfr
osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA fganh dfork esa izÑfr dks igyh ckj izeq[k fo"k; cukus dk dke
iar us gh fd;kA mudh dfork izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ varjax laca/ksa dk nLrkost gSA
budh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dkSlkuh osQ xk¡o esa rFkk mPp f'k{kk cukjl vkSj bykgkckn
esa gqbZA ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs  egkRek xka/h osQ vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls izHkkfor
gksdj i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nhA mlosQ ckn Lora=k ys[ku djrs jgsA
izo`Qfr osQ vn~Hkqr fp=kdkj iar dk fe”kkt dfork esa cnyko dk i{k/j jgk gSA
'kq#vkrh nkSj esa Nk;koknh dfork,¡ fy[khaA iy&iy ifjofrZr izo`Qfr os'k bUgsa ”kknw
dh rjg vko`Q"V dj jgk FkkA ckn esa py dj izxfr'khy nkSj esa rkt vkSj os vk¡[ksa
146/vkjksg
tSlh dfork,¡ Hkh fy[khaA blosQ lkFk gh vjfoUn osQ ekuookn ls izHkkfor gksdj
ekuo rqe lcls lqanjre tSlh iafDr;k¡ Hkh fy[krs jgsA mUgksaus ukVd] dgkuh]
vkRedFkk] miU;kl vkSj vkykspuk osQ {ks=k esa Hkh dke fd;k gSA :ikHk uked
if=kdk dk laiknu Hkh fd;k ftlesa izxfroknh lkfgR; ij foLrkj ls fopkj&foe'kZ
gksrk FkkA
iar th Hkk"kk osQ izfr cgqr lpsr FksA budh jpukvksa esa izo`Qfr dh ”kknwxjh ftl
Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gS mls Lo;a iar fp=k Hkk"kk (fcackRed Hkk"kk) dh laKk nsrs
gSaA cztHkk"kk vkSj [kM+h cksyh osQ fookn esa mUgksaus [kM+h cksyh dk i{k fy;k vkSj
iYyo dh Hkwfedk esa foLrkj ls [kM+h cksyh dk leFkZu fd;kA
izLrqr dfork os vk¡[ksa iar th osQ izxfr'khy nkSj dh dfork gSA blesa fodkl
dh fojksèkkHkklh voèkkj.kkvksa ij djkjk izgkj fd;k x;k gSA ;qx&;qx ls 'kks"k.k osQ
f'kdkj fdlku dk thou dfo dks vkgr djrk gSA nq[kn ckr ;g gS fd Lokèkhu
Hkkjr esa Hkh fdlkuksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj O;oLFkk us fu.kkZ;d gLr{ksi ugha fd;kA
dfork ,sls gh nq'pØ esa i¡Qls fdlkuksa osQ O;fDrxr ,oa ikfjokfjd nq[kksa dh ijrksa
dks [kksyrh gS vkSj Li"V :i ls foHkkftr lekt dh oxhZ; psruk dk [kkdk izLrqr
djrh gSA
os vk¡[ksa/147
os vk¡[ksa
vaèkdkj dh xqgk ljh[kh
mu vk¡[kksa ls Mjrk gS eu]
Hkjk nwj rd muesa nk#.k
nSU; nq[k dk uhjo jksnu!
og Lokèkhu fdlku jgk]
vfHkeku Hkjk vk¡[kksa esa bldk]
NksM+ mls e¡>èkkj vkt
lalkj dxkj ln`'k cg f[kldk!
ygjkrs os [ksr n`xksa esa
gqvk csn[ky og vc ftuls]
g¡lrh Fkh mlosQ thou dh
gfj;kyh ftuosQ r`u&r`u ls!
vk¡[kksa gh esa ?kwek djrk
og mldh vk¡[kksa dk rkjk]
dkjoqQuksa dh ykBh ls tks
x;k tokuh gh esa ekjk!
Page 4


os vk¡[ksa/145
dfork osQ fy, fp=k Hkk"kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mlosQ 'kCn
lLoj gksus pkfg,] tks cksyrs gksa] lsc dh rjg ftuosQ jl dh
eèkqj ykfyek Hkhrj u lek ldus osQ dkj.k ckgj >yd iM+sA
(^iYyo* dh Hkwfedk)
lqfe=kkuanu iar
ewy uke% xksl¡kbZ nÙk
tUe% lu~~ 1900] dkSlkuh] f”kyk vYeksM+k (mÙkjkapy)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% oh.kk] xazfFk] iYyo] xaqtu] ;qxok.kh]
xzkE;k] fpancjk] mÙkjk] Lo.kZ fdj.k] dyk vkSj cw<+k
pk¡n] yksdk;ru vkfn
lEeku% Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj] lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj] lksfo;r ySaM usg: iqjLdkj] in~eHkw"k.k
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
Nk;kokn osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHk lqfe=kkuanu iar izo`Qfr
osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA fganh dfork esa izÑfr dks igyh ckj izeq[k fo"k; cukus dk dke
iar us gh fd;kA mudh dfork izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ varjax laca/ksa dk nLrkost gSA
budh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dkSlkuh osQ xk¡o esa rFkk mPp f'k{kk cukjl vkSj bykgkckn
esa gqbZA ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs  egkRek xka/h osQ vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls izHkkfor
gksdj i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nhA mlosQ ckn Lora=k ys[ku djrs jgsA
izo`Qfr osQ vn~Hkqr fp=kdkj iar dk fe”kkt dfork esa cnyko dk i{k/j jgk gSA
'kq#vkrh nkSj esa Nk;koknh dfork,¡ fy[khaA iy&iy ifjofrZr izo`Qfr os'k bUgsa ”kknw
dh rjg vko`Q"V dj jgk FkkA ckn esa py dj izxfr'khy nkSj esa rkt vkSj os vk¡[ksa
146/vkjksg
tSlh dfork,¡ Hkh fy[khaA blosQ lkFk gh vjfoUn osQ ekuookn ls izHkkfor gksdj
ekuo rqe lcls lqanjre tSlh iafDr;k¡ Hkh fy[krs jgsA mUgksaus ukVd] dgkuh]
vkRedFkk] miU;kl vkSj vkykspuk osQ {ks=k esa Hkh dke fd;k gSA :ikHk uked
if=kdk dk laiknu Hkh fd;k ftlesa izxfroknh lkfgR; ij foLrkj ls fopkj&foe'kZ
gksrk FkkA
iar th Hkk"kk osQ izfr cgqr lpsr FksA budh jpukvksa esa izo`Qfr dh ”kknwxjh ftl
Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gS mls Lo;a iar fp=k Hkk"kk (fcackRed Hkk"kk) dh laKk nsrs
gSaA cztHkk"kk vkSj [kM+h cksyh osQ fookn esa mUgksaus [kM+h cksyh dk i{k fy;k vkSj
iYyo dh Hkwfedk esa foLrkj ls [kM+h cksyh dk leFkZu fd;kA
izLrqr dfork os vk¡[ksa iar th osQ izxfr'khy nkSj dh dfork gSA blesa fodkl
dh fojksèkkHkklh voèkkj.kkvksa ij djkjk izgkj fd;k x;k gSA ;qx&;qx ls 'kks"k.k osQ
f'kdkj fdlku dk thou dfo dks vkgr djrk gSA nq[kn ckr ;g gS fd Lokèkhu
Hkkjr esa Hkh fdlkuksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj O;oLFkk us fu.kkZ;d gLr{ksi ugha fd;kA
dfork ,sls gh nq'pØ esa i¡Qls fdlkuksa osQ O;fDrxr ,oa ikfjokfjd nq[kksa dh ijrksa
dks [kksyrh gS vkSj Li"V :i ls foHkkftr lekt dh oxhZ; psruk dk [kkdk izLrqr
djrh gSA
os vk¡[ksa/147
os vk¡[ksa
vaèkdkj dh xqgk ljh[kh
mu vk¡[kksa ls Mjrk gS eu]
Hkjk nwj rd muesa nk#.k
nSU; nq[k dk uhjo jksnu!
og Lokèkhu fdlku jgk]
vfHkeku Hkjk vk¡[kksa esa bldk]
NksM+ mls e¡>èkkj vkt
lalkj dxkj ln`'k cg f[kldk!
ygjkrs os [ksr n`xksa esa
gqvk csn[ky og vc ftuls]
g¡lrh Fkh mlosQ thou dh
gfj;kyh ftuosQ r`u&r`u ls!
vk¡[kksa gh esa ?kwek djrk
og mldh vk¡[kksa dk rkjk]
dkjoqQuksa dh ykBh ls tks
x;k tokuh gh esa ekjk!
148/vkjksg
fcdk fn;k ?kj }kj]
egktu us u C;kt dh dkSM+h NksM+h]
jg&jg vk¡[kksa esa pqHkrh og
oqQoZQ gqbZ cjèkksa dh tksM+h!
mtjh mlosQ flok fdls dc
ikl nqgkus vkus nsrh\
vg] vk¡[kksa esa ukpk djrh
mtM+ xbZ tks lq[k dh [ksrh!
fcuk nok niZu osQ ?kjuh
Lojx pyh]µvk¡[ksa vkrh Hkj]
ns[k&js[k osQ fcuk nqèkeq¡gh
fcfV;k nks fnu ckn xbZ ej!
Page 5


os vk¡[ksa/145
dfork osQ fy, fp=k Hkk"kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] mlosQ 'kCn
lLoj gksus pkfg,] tks cksyrs gksa] lsc dh rjg ftuosQ jl dh
eèkqj ykfyek Hkhrj u lek ldus osQ dkj.k ckgj >yd iM+sA
(^iYyo* dh Hkwfedk)
lqfe=kkuanu iar
ewy uke% xksl¡kbZ nÙk
tUe% lu~~ 1900] dkSlkuh] f”kyk vYeksM+k (mÙkjkapy)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% oh.kk] xazfFk] iYyo] xaqtu] ;qxok.kh]
xzkE;k] fpancjk] mÙkjk] Lo.kZ fdj.k] dyk vkSj cw<+k
pk¡n] yksdk;ru vkfn
lEeku% Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj] lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj] lksfo;r ySaM usg: iqjLdkj] in~eHkw"k.k
e`R;q% lu~~ 1977
Nk;kokn osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHk lqfe=kkuanu iar izo`Qfr
osQ fprsjs dfo gSaA fganh dfork esa izÑfr dks igyh ckj izeq[k fo"k; cukus dk dke
iar us gh fd;kA mudh dfork izÑfr vkSj euq"; osQ varjax laca/ksa dk nLrkost gSA
budh izkjafHkd f'k{kk dkSlkuh osQ xk¡o esa rFkk mPp f'k{kk cukjl vkSj bykgkckn
esa gqbZA ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs  egkRek xka/h osQ vlg;ksx vkanksyu ls izHkkfor
gksdj i<+kbZ chp esa gh NksM+ nhA mlosQ ckn Lora=k ys[ku djrs jgsA
izo`Qfr osQ vn~Hkqr fp=kdkj iar dk fe”kkt dfork esa cnyko dk i{k/j jgk gSA
'kq#vkrh nkSj esa Nk;koknh dfork,¡ fy[khaA iy&iy ifjofrZr izo`Qfr os'k bUgsa ”kknw
dh rjg vko`Q"V dj jgk FkkA ckn esa py dj izxfr'khy nkSj esa rkt vkSj os vk¡[ksa
146/vkjksg
tSlh dfork,¡ Hkh fy[khaA blosQ lkFk gh vjfoUn osQ ekuookn ls izHkkfor gksdj
ekuo rqe lcls lqanjre tSlh iafDr;k¡ Hkh fy[krs jgsA mUgksaus ukVd] dgkuh]
vkRedFkk] miU;kl vkSj vkykspuk osQ {ks=k esa Hkh dke fd;k gSA :ikHk uked
if=kdk dk laiknu Hkh fd;k ftlesa izxfroknh lkfgR; ij foLrkj ls fopkj&foe'kZ
gksrk FkkA
iar th Hkk"kk osQ izfr cgqr lpsr FksA budh jpukvksa esa izo`Qfr dh ”kknwxjh ftl
Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;Dr gqbZ gS mls Lo;a iar fp=k Hkk"kk (fcackRed Hkk"kk) dh laKk nsrs
gSaA cztHkk"kk vkSj [kM+h cksyh osQ fookn esa mUgksaus [kM+h cksyh dk i{k fy;k vkSj
iYyo dh Hkwfedk esa foLrkj ls [kM+h cksyh dk leFkZu fd;kA
izLrqr dfork os vk¡[ksa iar th osQ izxfr'khy nkSj dh dfork gSA blesa fodkl
dh fojksèkkHkklh voèkkj.kkvksa ij djkjk izgkj fd;k x;k gSA ;qx&;qx ls 'kks"k.k osQ
f'kdkj fdlku dk thou dfo dks vkgr djrk gSA nq[kn ckr ;g gS fd Lokèkhu
Hkkjr esa Hkh fdlkuksa dks osaQnz esa j[kdj O;oLFkk us fu.kkZ;d gLr{ksi ugha fd;kA
dfork ,sls gh nq'pØ esa i¡Qls fdlkuksa osQ O;fDrxr ,oa ikfjokfjd nq[kksa dh ijrksa
dks [kksyrh gS vkSj Li"V :i ls foHkkftr lekt dh oxhZ; psruk dk [kkdk izLrqr
djrh gSA
os vk¡[ksa/147
os vk¡[ksa
vaèkdkj dh xqgk ljh[kh
mu vk¡[kksa ls Mjrk gS eu]
Hkjk nwj rd muesa nk#.k
nSU; nq[k dk uhjo jksnu!
og Lokèkhu fdlku jgk]
vfHkeku Hkjk vk¡[kksa esa bldk]
NksM+ mls e¡>èkkj vkt
lalkj dxkj ln`'k cg f[kldk!
ygjkrs os [ksr n`xksa esa
gqvk csn[ky og vc ftuls]
g¡lrh Fkh mlosQ thou dh
gfj;kyh ftuosQ r`u&r`u ls!
vk¡[kksa gh esa ?kwek djrk
og mldh vk¡[kksa dk rkjk]
dkjoqQuksa dh ykBh ls tks
x;k tokuh gh esa ekjk!
148/vkjksg
fcdk fn;k ?kj }kj]
egktu us u C;kt dh dkSM+h NksM+h]
jg&jg vk¡[kksa esa pqHkrh og
oqQoZQ gqbZ cjèkksa dh tksM+h!
mtjh mlosQ flok fdls dc
ikl nqgkus vkus nsrh\
vg] vk¡[kksa esa ukpk djrh
mtM+ xbZ tks lq[k dh [ksrh!
fcuk nok niZu osQ ?kjuh
Lojx pyh]µvk¡[ksa vkrh Hkj]
ns[k&js[k osQ fcuk nqèkeq¡gh
fcfV;k nks fnu ckn xbZ ej!
os vk¡[ksa/149
?kj esa foèkok jgh irksgw]
yNeh Fkh] ;|fi ifr ?kkfru]
idM+ e¡xk;k dksroky us]
Mwc oqQ,¡ esa ejh ,d fnu!
[kSj] iSj dh twrh] tks:
u lgh ,d] nwljh vkrh]
ij toku yM+osQ dh lqèk dj
lk¡i yksVrs] iQVrh NkrhA
fiNys lq[k dh Le`fr vk¡[kksa esa
{k.k Hkj ,d ped gS ykrh]
rqjr 'kwU; esa xM+ og fprou
rh[kh uksd ln`'k cu tkrhA
vH;kl
dfork osQ lkFk
1- vaèkdkj dh xqgk ljh[kh
mu vk¡[kksa ls Mjrk gS euA
d- vkerkSj ij gesa Mj fdu ckrksa ls yxrk gS\
[k- mu vk¡[kksa ls fdldh vksj laosQr fd;k x;k gS\
x- dfo dks mu vk¡[kksa ls Mj D;ksa yxrk gS\
?k- Mjrs gq, Hkh dfo us ml fdlku dh vk¡[kksa dh ihM+k dk o.kZu D;ksa fd;k gS\
Ä- ;fn dfo bu vk¡[kksa ls ugha Mjrk D;k rc Hkh og dfork fy[krk\
2- dfork esa fdlku dh ihM+k osQ fy, fdUgsa f”kEesnkj crk;k x;k gS\
3- fiNys lq[k dh Le`fr vk¡[kksa esa {k.k Hkj ,d ped gS ykrh µ blesa fdlku osQ foQu
fiNys lq[kksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k x;k gS\
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Poem Sumitranandan Pant - Humanities/Arts

1. Who is Sumitranandan Pant?
Ans. Sumitranandan Pant was an Indian poet and writer who is considered one of the major poets of the Chhayavaad literary movement in Hindi literature. He was born on May 20, 1900, in Kausani, Uttarakhand.
2. What is the Chhayavaad literary movement?
Ans. The Chhayavaad literary movement was a romanticism-inspired modernist literary movement in Hindi literature. It emerged in the early 20th century and emphasized on emotions, nature, and beauty. Sumitranandan Pant was one of the prominent poets associated with this movement.
3. What are the main themes in Sumitranandan Pant's poetry?
Ans. Sumitranandan Pant's poetry often revolves around themes like love, nature, spirituality, and social issues. He had a deep connection with nature and frequently used natural elements in his poems to convey emotions and philosophical ideas.
4. Which are some of Sumitranandan Pant's famous poems?
Ans. Sumitranandan Pant wrote numerous poems, but some of his famous works include "Pallav", "Vani", "Gunjan", "Gramya", "Yugant", and "Kala Aur Bhasa". These poems explore various aspects of life, nature, and human emotions.
5. How has Sumitranandan Pant contributed to Hindi literature?
Ans. Sumitranandan Pant is regarded as one of the pioneers of modern Hindi poetry. His works have had a profound impact on Hindi literature and continue to be celebrated for their artistic and philosophical depth. His poetry has inspired generations of poets and readers alike.
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