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 Page 1


viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/31
vPNh rduhd og gS ftldk bLrseky fn[kkbZ u iM+sA
(iVdFkk&16 osQ lk{kkRdkj ls)
lR;ftr jk;
tUe% lu~~ 1921] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
izeq[k fI
+
kQYesa% vijkftrk] viw dk lalkj]
tylk?kj] nsoh pk#yrk] egkuxj] xksih xk;su
ckdk ck;su] iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)_ 'krjat
osQ f[kykM+h] ln~xfr (fganh)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% izks- 'kaoqQ osQ dkjukes] lksus dk
fdyk] tgk¡xhj dh Lo.kZ eqnzk] ckn'kkgh v¡xwBh
vkfnA
izeq[k lEeku% izQkal dk ystu Mh vkWuj] iwjs
thou dh miyfC/;ksa ij vkWLdj vkSj HkkjrjRu
lfgr fI
+
kQYe txr dk gj egRoiw.kZ lEeku
e`R;q% lu~~ 1992
Hkkjrh; flusek dks dykRed m¡QpkbZ iznku djus okys fI
+
kQYedkjksa esa lR;ftr jk;
vxyh drkj esa gSaA buosQ funsZ'ku esa igyh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYe iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)
1955 esa iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlus jk; dks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr"Bk izkIr djusokyk
Hkkjrh; funsZ'kd cuk fn;kA budh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYeksa dh oqQy la[;k rhl osQ yxHkx
gSA bu fI
+
kQYeksa osQ ”kfj, bUgksaus fI
+
kQYe foèkk dks le`¼ gh ugha fd;k cfYd bl
ekè;e osQ ckjs esa funsZ'kdksa vkSj vkykspdksa osQ chp ,d le> fodflr djus esa
Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd budh ”;knkrj fI
+
kQYesa lkfgfR;d
2024-25
Page 2


viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/31
vPNh rduhd og gS ftldk bLrseky fn[kkbZ u iM+sA
(iVdFkk&16 osQ lk{kkRdkj ls)
lR;ftr jk;
tUe% lu~~ 1921] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
izeq[k fI
+
kQYesa% vijkftrk] viw dk lalkj]
tylk?kj] nsoh pk#yrk] egkuxj] xksih xk;su
ckdk ck;su] iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)_ 'krjat
osQ f[kykM+h] ln~xfr (fganh)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% izks- 'kaoqQ osQ dkjukes] lksus dk
fdyk] tgk¡xhj dh Lo.kZ eqnzk] ckn'kkgh v¡xwBh
vkfnA
izeq[k lEeku% izQkal dk ystu Mh vkWuj] iwjs
thou dh miyfC/;ksa ij vkWLdj vkSj HkkjrjRu
lfgr fI
+
kQYe txr dk gj egRoiw.kZ lEeku
e`R;q% lu~~ 1992
Hkkjrh; flusek dks dykRed m¡QpkbZ iznku djus okys fI
+
kQYedkjksa esa lR;ftr jk;
vxyh drkj esa gSaA buosQ funsZ'ku esa igyh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYe iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)
1955 esa iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlus jk; dks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr"Bk izkIr djusokyk
Hkkjrh; funsZ'kd cuk fn;kA budh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYeksa dh oqQy la[;k rhl osQ yxHkx
gSA bu fI
+
kQYeksa osQ ”kfj, bUgksaus fI
+
kQYe foèkk dks le`¼ gh ugha fd;k cfYd bl
ekè;e osQ ckjs esa funsZ'kdksa vkSj vkykspdksa osQ chp ,d le> fodflr djus esa
Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd budh ”;knkrj fI
+
kQYesa lkfgfR;d
2024-25
32/vkjksg
Ñfr;ksa ij vk/kfjr gSaA buosQ ilanhnk lkfgR;dkjksa esa ckaXyk osQ foHkwfr Hkw"k.k
ca|ksikè;k; ls ysdj fganh osQ izsepan rd 'kkfey gSaA fI
+
kQYeksa osQ iVdFkk&ys[ku]
laxhr&la;kstu ,oa funsZ'ku osQ vykok jk; us ckaXyk esa cPpksa ,oa fd'kksjksa osQ fy,
ys[ku dk dke Hkh cgqr gh laTkhnxh osQ lkFk fd;k gSA budh fy[kh dgkfu;ksa esa
tklwlh jksekap osQ lkFk&lkFk isM+&ikS/s rFkk i'kq&i{kh dk lgt lalkj Hkh gSA
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky uked laLej.k iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe osQ vuqHkoksa ls
lacaf/r gS ftldk fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; fI
+
kQYe osQ bfrgkl esa ,d cgqr cM+h ?kVuk osQ
:i esa ntZ gSA blls fI
+
kQYe osQ l`tu vkSj mlosQ O;kdj.k ls lacaf/r dbZ
ckjhfd;ksa dk irk pyrk gSA ;gh ugha] tks fI
+
kQYeh nqfu;k gesa vius XySEkj ls
pqafèk;krh gqbZ tku iM+rh gS] mldk ,d ,slk lp gekjss lkeus vkrk gS] ftlesa
lkèkughurk osQ chp viuh dykn`f"V dks lkdkj djus dk la?k"kZ Hkh gSA bl ikB
dk Hkk"kkarj ckaXyk ewy ls foykl fxrs us fd;k gSA
fdlh fI
+
kQYedkj osQ fy, mldh igyh fI
+
kQYe ,d vcw> igsyh gksrh gSA cuus
;k u cu ikus dh vewrZ 'kadkvksa ls f?kjhA fI
+
kQYe iwjh gksrh gS rks fI
+
kQYedkj tUe
ysrk gSA viuh igyh fI
+
kQYe dh jpuk osQ nkSjku gj fI
+
kQYedkj dk vuqHko&lalkj
bruk jksekapdkjh gksrk gS fd og mlosQ thou esa cpiu dh Le`fr;ksa dh rjg
ges'kk thoar cuk jgrk gSA bl vuqHko lalkj esa nkf[ky gksuk ml csgrjhu fI
+
kQYe
ls xq”kjus ls de ugha gSA
2024-25
Page 3


viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/31
vPNh rduhd og gS ftldk bLrseky fn[kkbZ u iM+sA
(iVdFkk&16 osQ lk{kkRdkj ls)
lR;ftr jk;
tUe% lu~~ 1921] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
izeq[k fI
+
kQYesa% vijkftrk] viw dk lalkj]
tylk?kj] nsoh pk#yrk] egkuxj] xksih xk;su
ckdk ck;su] iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)_ 'krjat
osQ f[kykM+h] ln~xfr (fganh)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% izks- 'kaoqQ osQ dkjukes] lksus dk
fdyk] tgk¡xhj dh Lo.kZ eqnzk] ckn'kkgh v¡xwBh
vkfnA
izeq[k lEeku% izQkal dk ystu Mh vkWuj] iwjs
thou dh miyfC/;ksa ij vkWLdj vkSj HkkjrjRu
lfgr fI
+
kQYe txr dk gj egRoiw.kZ lEeku
e`R;q% lu~~ 1992
Hkkjrh; flusek dks dykRed m¡QpkbZ iznku djus okys fI
+
kQYedkjksa esa lR;ftr jk;
vxyh drkj esa gSaA buosQ funsZ'ku esa igyh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYe iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)
1955 esa iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlus jk; dks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr"Bk izkIr djusokyk
Hkkjrh; funsZ'kd cuk fn;kA budh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYeksa dh oqQy la[;k rhl osQ yxHkx
gSA bu fI
+
kQYeksa osQ ”kfj, bUgksaus fI
+
kQYe foèkk dks le`¼ gh ugha fd;k cfYd bl
ekè;e osQ ckjs esa funsZ'kdksa vkSj vkykspdksa osQ chp ,d le> fodflr djus esa
Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd budh ”;knkrj fI
+
kQYesa lkfgfR;d
2024-25
32/vkjksg
Ñfr;ksa ij vk/kfjr gSaA buosQ ilanhnk lkfgR;dkjksa esa ckaXyk osQ foHkwfr Hkw"k.k
ca|ksikè;k; ls ysdj fganh osQ izsepan rd 'kkfey gSaA fI
+
kQYeksa osQ iVdFkk&ys[ku]
laxhr&la;kstu ,oa funsZ'ku osQ vykok jk; us ckaXyk esa cPpksa ,oa fd'kksjksa osQ fy,
ys[ku dk dke Hkh cgqr gh laTkhnxh osQ lkFk fd;k gSA budh fy[kh dgkfu;ksa esa
tklwlh jksekap osQ lkFk&lkFk isM+&ikS/s rFkk i'kq&i{kh dk lgt lalkj Hkh gSA
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky uked laLej.k iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe osQ vuqHkoksa ls
lacaf/r gS ftldk fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; fI
+
kQYe osQ bfrgkl esa ,d cgqr cM+h ?kVuk osQ
:i esa ntZ gSA blls fI
+
kQYe osQ l`tu vkSj mlosQ O;kdj.k ls lacaf/r dbZ
ckjhfd;ksa dk irk pyrk gSA ;gh ugha] tks fI
+
kQYeh nqfu;k gesa vius XySEkj ls
pqafèk;krh gqbZ tku iM+rh gS] mldk ,d ,slk lp gekjss lkeus vkrk gS] ftlesa
lkèkughurk osQ chp viuh dykn`f"V dks lkdkj djus dk la?k"kZ Hkh gSA bl ikB
dk Hkk"kkarj ckaXyk ewy ls foykl fxrs us fd;k gSA
fdlh fI
+
kQYedkj osQ fy, mldh igyh fI
+
kQYe ,d vcw> igsyh gksrh gSA cuus
;k u cu ikus dh vewrZ 'kadkvksa ls f?kjhA fI
+
kQYe iwjh gksrh gS rks fI
+
kQYedkj tUe
ysrk gSA viuh igyh fI
+
kQYe dh jpuk osQ nkSjku gj fI
+
kQYedkj dk vuqHko&lalkj
bruk jksekapdkjh gksrk gS fd og mlosQ thou esa cpiu dh Le`fr;ksa dh rjg
ges'kk thoar cuk jgrk gSA bl vuqHko lalkj esa nkf[ky gksuk ml csgrjhu fI
+
kQYe
ls xq”kjus ls de ugha gSA
2024-25
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/33
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky
iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe dh 'kwfVax dk dke <kbZ lky rd pyk Fkk! bl <kbZ lky
osQ dky[kaM esa gj jks”k rks 'kwfVax gksrh ugha FkhA eSa rc ,d foKkiu oaQiuh esa
ukSdjh djrk FkkA ukSdjh osQ dke ls tc I
+
kqQlZr feyrh Fkh] rc 'kwfVax djrk FkkA
esjs ikl ml le; i;kZIr iSls Hkh ugha FksA iSls [kRe gksus osQ ckn] fiQj ls iSls
tek gksus rd 'kwfVax LFkfxr j[kuh iM+rh FkhA
'kwfVax dk vkjaHk djus ls igys fI
+
kQYe esa dke djus osQ fy, dykdkj bd_k
djus dk ,d cM+k vk;kstu gqvkA fo'ks"kdj viw dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, Ng
lky dk yM+dk fey gh ugha jgk FkkA vkf[kj eSaus v[kckj esa ml lanHkZ esa ,d
b'rgkj fn;kA
jklfcgkjh ,osU;w dh ,d fcfYaMx esa eSaus ,d dejk HkkM+s ij fy;k Fkk] ogk¡
ij cPps baVjO;w osQ fy, vkrs FksA cgqr&ls yM+osQ vk,] ysfdu viw dh Hkwfedk
osQ fy, eq>s ftl rjg dk yM+dk pkfg, Fkk] oSlk ,d Hkh ugha FkkA ,d fnu ,d
yM+dk vk;kA mldh xnZu ij yxk ikmMj ns[kdj eq>s 'kd gqvkA uke iwNus ij
uk”kqd vkok”k esa og cksykµ^fV;k*A mlosQ lkFk vk, mlosQ firk th ls eSaus iwNk]
^D;k vHkh&vHkh blosQ cky dVokdj ;gk¡ ys vk, gSa\* os lTtu idM+s x,A lp
fNik ugha losQ cksys] ^^vly esa ;g esjh csVh gSA viw dh Hkwfedk feyus dh
vk'kk ls blosQ cky dVokdj vkiosQ ;gk¡ ys vk;k gw¡A**
2024-25
Page 4


viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/31
vPNh rduhd og gS ftldk bLrseky fn[kkbZ u iM+sA
(iVdFkk&16 osQ lk{kkRdkj ls)
lR;ftr jk;
tUe% lu~~ 1921] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
izeq[k fI
+
kQYesa% vijkftrk] viw dk lalkj]
tylk?kj] nsoh pk#yrk] egkuxj] xksih xk;su
ckdk ck;su] iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)_ 'krjat
osQ f[kykM+h] ln~xfr (fganh)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% izks- 'kaoqQ osQ dkjukes] lksus dk
fdyk] tgk¡xhj dh Lo.kZ eqnzk] ckn'kkgh v¡xwBh
vkfnA
izeq[k lEeku% izQkal dk ystu Mh vkWuj] iwjs
thou dh miyfC/;ksa ij vkWLdj vkSj HkkjrjRu
lfgr fI
+
kQYe txr dk gj egRoiw.kZ lEeku
e`R;q% lu~~ 1992
Hkkjrh; flusek dks dykRed m¡QpkbZ iznku djus okys fI
+
kQYedkjksa esa lR;ftr jk;
vxyh drkj esa gSaA buosQ funsZ'ku esa igyh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYe iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)
1955 esa iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlus jk; dks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr"Bk izkIr djusokyk
Hkkjrh; funsZ'kd cuk fn;kA budh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYeksa dh oqQy la[;k rhl osQ yxHkx
gSA bu fI
+
kQYeksa osQ ”kfj, bUgksaus fI
+
kQYe foèkk dks le`¼ gh ugha fd;k cfYd bl
ekè;e osQ ckjs esa funsZ'kdksa vkSj vkykspdksa osQ chp ,d le> fodflr djus esa
Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd budh ”;knkrj fI
+
kQYesa lkfgfR;d
2024-25
32/vkjksg
Ñfr;ksa ij vk/kfjr gSaA buosQ ilanhnk lkfgR;dkjksa esa ckaXyk osQ foHkwfr Hkw"k.k
ca|ksikè;k; ls ysdj fganh osQ izsepan rd 'kkfey gSaA fI
+
kQYeksa osQ iVdFkk&ys[ku]
laxhr&la;kstu ,oa funsZ'ku osQ vykok jk; us ckaXyk esa cPpksa ,oa fd'kksjksa osQ fy,
ys[ku dk dke Hkh cgqr gh laTkhnxh osQ lkFk fd;k gSA budh fy[kh dgkfu;ksa esa
tklwlh jksekap osQ lkFk&lkFk isM+&ikS/s rFkk i'kq&i{kh dk lgt lalkj Hkh gSA
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky uked laLej.k iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe osQ vuqHkoksa ls
lacaf/r gS ftldk fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; fI
+
kQYe osQ bfrgkl esa ,d cgqr cM+h ?kVuk osQ
:i esa ntZ gSA blls fI
+
kQYe osQ l`tu vkSj mlosQ O;kdj.k ls lacaf/r dbZ
ckjhfd;ksa dk irk pyrk gSA ;gh ugha] tks fI
+
kQYeh nqfu;k gesa vius XySEkj ls
pqafèk;krh gqbZ tku iM+rh gS] mldk ,d ,slk lp gekjss lkeus vkrk gS] ftlesa
lkèkughurk osQ chp viuh dykn`f"V dks lkdkj djus dk la?k"kZ Hkh gSA bl ikB
dk Hkk"kkarj ckaXyk ewy ls foykl fxrs us fd;k gSA
fdlh fI
+
kQYedkj osQ fy, mldh igyh fI
+
kQYe ,d vcw> igsyh gksrh gSA cuus
;k u cu ikus dh vewrZ 'kadkvksa ls f?kjhA fI
+
kQYe iwjh gksrh gS rks fI
+
kQYedkj tUe
ysrk gSA viuh igyh fI
+
kQYe dh jpuk osQ nkSjku gj fI
+
kQYedkj dk vuqHko&lalkj
bruk jksekapdkjh gksrk gS fd og mlosQ thou esa cpiu dh Le`fr;ksa dh rjg
ges'kk thoar cuk jgrk gSA bl vuqHko lalkj esa nkf[ky gksuk ml csgrjhu fI
+
kQYe
ls xq”kjus ls de ugha gSA
2024-25
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/33
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky
iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe dh 'kwfVax dk dke <kbZ lky rd pyk Fkk! bl <kbZ lky
osQ dky[kaM esa gj jks”k rks 'kwfVax gksrh ugha FkhA eSa rc ,d foKkiu oaQiuh esa
ukSdjh djrk FkkA ukSdjh osQ dke ls tc I
+
kqQlZr feyrh Fkh] rc 'kwfVax djrk FkkA
esjs ikl ml le; i;kZIr iSls Hkh ugha FksA iSls [kRe gksus osQ ckn] fiQj ls iSls
tek gksus rd 'kwfVax LFkfxr j[kuh iM+rh FkhA
'kwfVax dk vkjaHk djus ls igys fI
+
kQYe esa dke djus osQ fy, dykdkj bd_k
djus dk ,d cM+k vk;kstu gqvkA fo'ks"kdj viw dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, Ng
lky dk yM+dk fey gh ugha jgk FkkA vkf[kj eSaus v[kckj esa ml lanHkZ esa ,d
b'rgkj fn;kA
jklfcgkjh ,osU;w dh ,d fcfYaMx esa eSaus ,d dejk HkkM+s ij fy;k Fkk] ogk¡
ij cPps baVjO;w osQ fy, vkrs FksA cgqr&ls yM+osQ vk,] ysfdu viw dh Hkwfedk
osQ fy, eq>s ftl rjg dk yM+dk pkfg, Fkk] oSlk ,d Hkh ugha FkkA ,d fnu ,d
yM+dk vk;kA mldh xnZu ij yxk ikmMj ns[kdj eq>s 'kd gqvkA uke iwNus ij
uk”kqd vkok”k esa og cksykµ^fV;k*A mlosQ lkFk vk, mlosQ firk th ls eSaus iwNk]
^D;k vHkh&vHkh blosQ cky dVokdj ;gk¡ ys vk, gSa\* os lTtu idM+s x,A lp
fNik ugha losQ cksys] ^^vly esa ;g esjh csVh gSA viw dh Hkwfedk feyus dh
vk'kk ls blosQ cky dVokdj vkiosQ ;gk¡ ys vk;k gw¡A**
2024-25
34/vkjksg
foKkiu nsdj Hkh viw dh Hkwfedk osQ fy, lgh rjg dk yM+dk u feyus
osQ dkj.k eSa rks csgky gks x;kA vkf[kj ,d fnu esjh iRuh Nr ls uhps vkdj
eq>ls cksyh] ^ikl okys edku dh Nr ij ,d yM+dk ns[kk] ”kjk mls cqykb,
rks!* vkf[kj gekjs iM+ksl osQ ?kj esa jgus okyk yM+dk lqchj cuthZ gh ^iFksj
ikapkyh* esa ^viw* cukA fI
+
kQYe dk dke vkxs Hkh <kbZ lky pyus okyk gS] bl
ckr dk vank”kk eq>s igys ugha FkkA blfy, tSls&tSls fnu chrus yxs] oSls&oSls
eq>s Mj yxus yxkA viw vkSj nqxkZ dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys cPps vxj ”;knk cM+s
gks x,] rks fI
+
kQYe esa og fn[kkbZ nsxk! ysfdu esjh [kq'k fdLerh ls ml mez esa
cPps ftrus c<+rs gSa] mrus viw vkSj nqxkZ dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys cPps ugha c<+sA
bafnjk Bkd#u dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyh vLlh lky mez dh pqUuhckyk nsoh <kbZ
lky rd dke dj ldh] ;g Hkh esjs lkSHkkX; dh ckr FkhA
'kwfVax dh 'kq#vkr esa gh ,d xM+cM+ gks xbZA viw vkSj nqxkZ dks ysdj ge
dydÙkk* ls lÙkj ehy ij ikyflV uke osQ ,d xk¡o x,A ogk¡ jsy&ykbu osQ ikl
dk'kiwQyksa ls Hkjk ,d eSnku
FkkA viw vkSj nqxkZ igyh
ckj jsyxkM+h ns[krs gSaµ
bl lhu dh 'kwfVax gesa
djuh FkhA ;g lhu cgqr
gh cM+k FkkA ,d fnu esa
mldh 'kwfVax iwjh gksuk
ukeqefdu FkkA de&ls&
de nks fnu yx ldrs
FksA igys fnu tx¼k=kh iwtk
dk R;ksgkj FkkA nqxkZ osQ
ihNs&ihNs nkSM+rs gq, viw
* orZeku esa dksydkrk
iFksj ikapkyh fI+kQYe dk ,d n`';
2024-25
Page 5


viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/31
vPNh rduhd og gS ftldk bLrseky fn[kkbZ u iM+sA
(iVdFkk&16 osQ lk{kkRdkj ls)
lR;ftr jk;
tUe% lu~~ 1921] dksydkrk (if'pe caxky)
izeq[k fI
+
kQYesa% vijkftrk] viw dk lalkj]
tylk?kj] nsoh pk#yrk] egkuxj] xksih xk;su
ckdk ck;su] iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)_ 'krjat
osQ f[kykM+h] ln~xfr (fganh)
izeq[k jpuk,¡% izks- 'kaoqQ osQ dkjukes] lksus dk
fdyk] tgk¡xhj dh Lo.kZ eqnzk] ckn'kkgh v¡xwBh
vkfnA
izeq[k lEeku% izQkal dk ystu Mh vkWuj] iwjs
thou dh miyfC/;ksa ij vkWLdj vkSj HkkjrjRu
lfgr fI
+
kQYe txr dk gj egRoiw.kZ lEeku
e`R;q% lu~~ 1992
Hkkjrh; flusek dks dykRed m¡QpkbZ iznku djus okys fI
+
kQYedkjksa esa lR;ftr jk;
vxyh drkj esa gSaA buosQ funsZ'ku esa igyh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYe iFksj ikapkyh (ckaXyk)
1955 esa iznf'kZr gqbZ] mlus jk; dks varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij izfr"Bk izkIr djusokyk
Hkkjrh; funsZ'kd cuk fn;kA budh I
+
kQhpj fI
+
kQYeksa dh oqQy la[;k rhl osQ yxHkx
gSA bu fI
+
kQYeksa osQ ”kfj, bUgksaus fI
+
kQYe foèkk dks le`¼ gh ugha fd;k cfYd bl
ekè;e osQ ckjs esa funsZ'kdksa vkSj vkykspdksa osQ chp ,d le> fodflr djus esa
Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd budh ”;knkrj fI
+
kQYesa lkfgfR;d
2024-25
32/vkjksg
Ñfr;ksa ij vk/kfjr gSaA buosQ ilanhnk lkfgR;dkjksa esa ckaXyk osQ foHkwfr Hkw"k.k
ca|ksikè;k; ls ysdj fganh osQ izsepan rd 'kkfey gSaA fI
+
kQYeksa osQ iVdFkk&ys[ku]
laxhr&la;kstu ,oa funsZ'ku osQ vykok jk; us ckaXyk esa cPpksa ,oa fd'kksjksa osQ fy,
ys[ku dk dke Hkh cgqr gh laTkhnxh osQ lkFk fd;k gSA budh fy[kh dgkfu;ksa esa
tklwlh jksekap osQ lkFk&lkFk isM+&ikS/s rFkk i'kq&i{kh dk lgt lalkj Hkh gSA
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky uked laLej.k iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe osQ vuqHkoksa ls
lacaf/r gS ftldk fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; fI
+
kQYe osQ bfrgkl esa ,d cgqr cM+h ?kVuk osQ
:i esa ntZ gSA blls fI
+
kQYe osQ l`tu vkSj mlosQ O;kdj.k ls lacaf/r dbZ
ckjhfd;ksa dk irk pyrk gSA ;gh ugha] tks fI
+
kQYeh nqfu;k gesa vius XySEkj ls
pqafèk;krh gqbZ tku iM+rh gS] mldk ,d ,slk lp gekjss lkeus vkrk gS] ftlesa
lkèkughurk osQ chp viuh dykn`f"V dks lkdkj djus dk la?k"kZ Hkh gSA bl ikB
dk Hkk"kkarj ckaXyk ewy ls foykl fxrs us fd;k gSA
fdlh fI
+
kQYedkj osQ fy, mldh igyh fI
+
kQYe ,d vcw> igsyh gksrh gSA cuus
;k u cu ikus dh vewrZ 'kadkvksa ls f?kjhA fI
+
kQYe iwjh gksrh gS rks fI
+
kQYedkj tUe
ysrk gSA viuh igyh fI
+
kQYe dh jpuk osQ nkSjku gj fI
+
kQYedkj dk vuqHko&lalkj
bruk jksekapdkjh gksrk gS fd og mlosQ thou esa cpiu dh Le`fr;ksa dh rjg
ges'kk thoar cuk jgrk gSA bl vuqHko lalkj esa nkf[ky gksuk ml csgrjhu fI
+
kQYe
ls xq”kjus ls de ugha gSA
2024-25
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/33
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky
iFksj ikapkyh fI
+
kQYe dh 'kwfVax dk dke <kbZ lky rd pyk Fkk! bl <kbZ lky
osQ dky[kaM esa gj jks”k rks 'kwfVax gksrh ugha FkhA eSa rc ,d foKkiu oaQiuh esa
ukSdjh djrk FkkA ukSdjh osQ dke ls tc I
+
kqQlZr feyrh Fkh] rc 'kwfVax djrk FkkA
esjs ikl ml le; i;kZIr iSls Hkh ugha FksA iSls [kRe gksus osQ ckn] fiQj ls iSls
tek gksus rd 'kwfVax LFkfxr j[kuh iM+rh FkhA
'kwfVax dk vkjaHk djus ls igys fI
+
kQYe esa dke djus osQ fy, dykdkj bd_k
djus dk ,d cM+k vk;kstu gqvkA fo'ks"kdj viw dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus osQ fy, Ng
lky dk yM+dk fey gh ugha jgk FkkA vkf[kj eSaus v[kckj esa ml lanHkZ esa ,d
b'rgkj fn;kA
jklfcgkjh ,osU;w dh ,d fcfYaMx esa eSaus ,d dejk HkkM+s ij fy;k Fkk] ogk¡
ij cPps baVjO;w osQ fy, vkrs FksA cgqr&ls yM+osQ vk,] ysfdu viw dh Hkwfedk
osQ fy, eq>s ftl rjg dk yM+dk pkfg, Fkk] oSlk ,d Hkh ugha FkkA ,d fnu ,d
yM+dk vk;kA mldh xnZu ij yxk ikmMj ns[kdj eq>s 'kd gqvkA uke iwNus ij
uk”kqd vkok”k esa og cksykµ^fV;k*A mlosQ lkFk vk, mlosQ firk th ls eSaus iwNk]
^D;k vHkh&vHkh blosQ cky dVokdj ;gk¡ ys vk, gSa\* os lTtu idM+s x,A lp
fNik ugha losQ cksys] ^^vly esa ;g esjh csVh gSA viw dh Hkwfedk feyus dh
vk'kk ls blosQ cky dVokdj vkiosQ ;gk¡ ys vk;k gw¡A**
2024-25
34/vkjksg
foKkiu nsdj Hkh viw dh Hkwfedk osQ fy, lgh rjg dk yM+dk u feyus
osQ dkj.k eSa rks csgky gks x;kA vkf[kj ,d fnu esjh iRuh Nr ls uhps vkdj
eq>ls cksyh] ^ikl okys edku dh Nr ij ,d yM+dk ns[kk] ”kjk mls cqykb,
rks!* vkf[kj gekjs iM+ksl osQ ?kj esa jgus okyk yM+dk lqchj cuthZ gh ^iFksj
ikapkyh* esa ^viw* cukA fI
+
kQYe dk dke vkxs Hkh <kbZ lky pyus okyk gS] bl
ckr dk vank”kk eq>s igys ugha FkkA blfy, tSls&tSls fnu chrus yxs] oSls&oSls
eq>s Mj yxus yxkA viw vkSj nqxkZ dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys cPps vxj ”;knk cM+s
gks x,] rks fI
+
kQYe esa og fn[kkbZ nsxk! ysfdu esjh [kq'k fdLerh ls ml mez esa
cPps ftrus c<+rs gSa] mrus viw vkSj nqxkZ dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys cPps ugha c<+sA
bafnjk Bkd#u dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyh vLlh lky mez dh pqUuhckyk nsoh <kbZ
lky rd dke dj ldh] ;g Hkh esjs lkSHkkX; dh ckr FkhA
'kwfVax dh 'kq#vkr esa gh ,d xM+cM+ gks xbZA viw vkSj nqxkZ dks ysdj ge
dydÙkk* ls lÙkj ehy ij ikyflV uke osQ ,d xk¡o x,A ogk¡ jsy&ykbu osQ ikl
dk'kiwQyksa ls Hkjk ,d eSnku
FkkA viw vkSj nqxkZ igyh
ckj jsyxkM+h ns[krs gSaµ
bl lhu dh 'kwfVax gesa
djuh FkhA ;g lhu cgqr
gh cM+k FkkA ,d fnu esa
mldh 'kwfVax iwjh gksuk
ukeqefdu FkkA de&ls&
de nks fnu yx ldrs
FksA igys fnu tx¼k=kh iwtk
dk R;ksgkj FkkA nqxkZ osQ
ihNs&ihNs nkSM+rs gq, viw
* orZeku esa dksydkrk
iFksj ikapkyh fI+kQYe dk ,d n`';
2024-25
viw osQ lkFk <kbZ lky/35
dk'kiwQyksa osQ ou esa igq¡prk gSA lqcg 'kwfVax 'kq: djosQ 'kke rd geus lhu dk
vkèkk Hkkx fpf=kr fd;kA funsZ'kd] Nk;kdkj] NksVs vfHkusrk&vfHkus=kh ge lHkh bl
{ks=k esa uokxr gksus osQ dkj.k FkksM+s ckSjk, gq, gh Fks] ckdh dk lhu ckn esa fpf=kr
djus dk fu.kZ; ysdj ge ?kj igq¡psA lkr fnu ckn 'kwfVax osQ fy, ml txg x,]
rks og txg ge igpku gh ugha ik,! yxk] ;s dgk¡ vk x, gSa ge\ dgk¡ x, os
lkjs dk'kiwQyA chp osQ lkr fnuksa esa tkuojksa us os lkjs dk'kiwQy [kk Mkys Fks! vc
vxj ge ml txg ckdh vkèks lhu dh 'kwfVax djrs] rks igys vkèks lhu osQ lkFk
mldk esy oSQls cSBrk\ mlesa ls ^oaQfVU;qbVh* unkjn gks tkrh!
ml lhu osQ ckdh va'k dh 'kwfVax geus mlosQ vxys lky 'kjn ½rq esa]
tc fiQj ls og eSnku dk'kiwQyksa ls Hkj x;k] rc dhA mlh le; jsyxkM+h osQ
Hkh 'kkWV~l fy,A ysfdu jsyxkM+h osQ brus 'kkWV~l Fks fd ,d jsyxkM+h ls dke ugha
pykA ,d osQ ckn ,d rhu jsyxkfM+;ksa dks geus 'kwfVax osQ fy, bLrseky fd;kA
lqcg ls ysdj nksigj rd fdruh jsyxkfM+;k¡ ml ykbu ij ls tkrh gSaµ;g igys
gh Vkbe&Vscy ns[kdj tku fy;k FkkA gj ,d Vªsu ,d gh fn'kk ls vkus okyh
FkhA ftl LVs'ku ls os jsyxkfM+;k¡ vkus okyh Fkha] ml LVs'ku ij gekjh Vhe osQ
vfuy ckcw FksA jsyxkM+h LVs'ku ls fudyrs le; vfuy ckcw Hkh baftu&Mªkboj dh
osQfcu esa p<+rs FksA D;ksafd xkM+h osQ 'kwfVax dh txg osQ ikl vkrs gh ckW;yj
esa dks;yk Mkyuk ”k:jh Fkk] rkfd dkyk èkqvk¡ fudysA lI
+
ksQn dk'kiwQyksa dh
i`"BHkwfe ij vxj dkyk èkqvk¡ ugha vk;k] rks n`'; oSQls vPNk yxsxk\
^iFksj ikapkyh* fI
+
kQYe esa tc ;g lhu fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] rc n'kZd igpku ugha
ikrs fd ml lhu esa geus rhu vyx&vyx jsyxkfM+;ksa dk bLrseky fd;k gSA
vkt osQ Mh”ky vkSj fctyh ij pyus okys batuksa osQ ;qx esa og n`'; ml izdkj
ls ge fpf=kr u dj ikrsA
vkfFkZd vHkko osQ dkj.k cgqr fnuksa rd gesa vyx&vyx leL;kvksa ls
tw>uk iM+kA ,d mnkgj.k nsrk gw¡A
2024-25
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FAQs on NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray - NCERT Books & Solutions for Humanities - Humanities/Arts

1. Who is the author of the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray?
Ans. The author of the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray is Satyajit Ray himself.
2. What is the main focus of the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray?
Ans. The main focus of the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray is to provide an in-depth understanding of Satyajit Ray's life, works, and contributions to Indian cinema.
3. How can the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray help in exam preparation?
Ans. The NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray can help in exam preparation by providing comprehensive information about Satyajit Ray's films, his artistic style, and the cultural impact of his work. It can also help in developing critical thinking skills and analyzing films from a broader perspective.
4. Are there any additional study materials recommended to supplement the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray?
Ans. While the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray covers the essential aspects of Satyajit Ray's life and works, it is always beneficial to refer to additional study materials such as film analysis books, documentaries, and interviews with Satyajit Ray to gain a more comprehensive understanding.
5. Can the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray be helpful for students pursuing film studies?
Ans. Yes, the NCERT Textbook - Satyajit Ray can be extremely helpful for students pursuing film studies as it provides detailed insights into the works of one of the most influential filmmakers in Indian cinema. It can serve as a valuable resource for understanding filmmaking techniques, narrative structures, and the socio-cultural context of Ray's films.
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